The establishment of the Soviet regime in the eastern districts of Moldova, the annexation of Bessarabia to the Soviet empire in 1940, forming of the Moldavian SSR, political repressions of 1920s–1940s – all these events left their mark in the history of this land. Numerous posters of the time, documents, photographs, and personal belongings of deportees and political prisoners of the Soviet regime represent unknown pages of the recent history of Moldova, reflecting the drama of the Soviet Gulag.
Historical development of Moldova in the post-war period, regardless the political regime, is characterized by remarkable achievements in economy, science, and culture, which are documentary confirmed in the collections of the museum.