#Exhibit of the Month

One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly. The telegraph spread very quickly and a network of wires stretched around the world.

In 1837, the American painter and physicist Samuel Morse invented the first electromagnetic device for telegraphy, patented in 1840. To send messages by wire, Morse developed in 1838 a simple code of dots and dashes, which represented the letters of the alphabet, known as "Morse code ".

Both Morse code and the telegraph machine were improved over time, with the telegraph becoming the most widespread system of communication and information transmission for more than a century, until the advent of the Internet. The telegraph system consisted of a series of stations repeaters along the transmission line route. Each station had an operator who received and transmitted messages by telegraph. The Morse machine transmitted about 25 words per minute, which were recorded in code on a paper tape. The operator in charge of transmitting the message would decode it and write it on paper using a special typewriter.

In Bessarabia, the telegraph entered in 1860: on April 8, the Bender telegraph station began its activity, and on April 24, the one in Chisinau, following the construction of the first Odesa-Chisinau-Leova telegraph line. Currently, telegraph services have been discontinued. The only ones who still use coded communication are radio amateurs.

The Morse telegraph machine shown comes from the Osinoostrovsky electrotechnical plant, Soviet Union, and dates back to 1934. The exhibit was restored by Mihail Culașco.

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Exhibitions

“Railway line BENDER (TIGHINA) – GALAŢI 140 years from opening: July 27 – November 4, 1877”

July 27 - September 10, 2017

The National Museum of History of Moldova opened a photo exhibition dedicated to the construction of the Bender - Galați railway line, celebrating an important anniversary moment in the history of the Moldovan railways.

For the first time were displayed 32 images from the collection of the National Museum of History of Moldova made by the notorious photographer from Odessa - I. Antonopoulo. The photos show the step by step making of this 304 km long "iron road" from Bessarabia connecting Bender to the Danube port of Galați. Through the documentary photography, the exhibition aims at restoring the epic story of a railway building site - trembling works, construction of bridges, pumping stations and water towers, depots and railway stations - which were build in a record time of only three months. In the exhibition is displayed also a model of a steam locomotive, built in 1900 by the American company "Richmond Locomotive Works".

The anniversary moment was marked by a philatelic issue - an envelope with mark "140 years since the construction of the Bender (Tighina) - Galați railway line", made by the State Enterprise "Poșta Moldovei", which was made available for purchase and use on the exhibition opening day.

At the opening ceremony, which took place on July 27, at 12.00, the following speakers took the floor: the general director of the National Museum of History of Moldova, dr. hab. Eugen Sava; general vice-director of the State Enterprise „Calea Ferată din Moldova", Mr. Serghei Tomșa; general deputy director of the State Enterprise „Poșta Moldovei", Mrs. Ludmila Buzu; deputy director of the National Museum of History of Moldova, Mrs. Aurelia Cornețchi.

The construction of the Bender - Galați railway line was approved during the Russian - Romanian - Turkish war of 1877-1878. The railway line had strategic and military importance as it had to meet the needs of the Russian army in the campaign against the Turks. The construction works began on July 27, 1877 and ended on November 4, 1877.

The engineers faced great difficulties - the railway embankment went through rough terrain, degraded by ravines and crossed by many ravines and lakes. To level the ground it was necessary in some places to make excavations and in other backfills, and to construct bridges over rivers and valleys. In the construction works were involved peasants from the localities that were to be crossed by the future line, three divisions of soldiers in the disciplinary battalion, totaling over 11 thousand people.

The railway map of that period had gained new stations, such as Bender, Căinari, Zloți, Schinoasa, Valul lui Traian, Reni and others. At Bender and Reni, workshops and locomotive depots were built. All wooden buildings were designed by the Chief Architect of the City of Chișinău, Alexandru Bernardazzi.

The main objective of the construction was accomplished within a record time. After one hundred days from the beginning of the railway construction, on November 4, 1877, the first military train arrived at the Galați Station.