#Exhibit of the Month

One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly. The telegraph spread very quickly and a network of wires stretched around the world.

In 1837, the American painter and physicist Samuel Morse invented the first electromagnetic device for telegraphy, patented in 1840. To send messages by wire, Morse developed in 1838 a simple code of dots and dashes, which represented the letters of the alphabet, known as "Morse code ".

Both Morse code and the telegraph machine were improved over time, with the telegraph becoming the most widespread system of communication and information transmission for more than a century, until the advent of the Internet. The telegraph system consisted of a series of stations repeaters along the transmission line route. Each station had an operator who received and transmitted messages by telegraph. The Morse machine transmitted about 25 words per minute, which were recorded in code on a paper tape. The operator in charge of transmitting the message would decode it and write it on paper using a special typewriter.

In Bessarabia, the telegraph entered in 1860: on April 8, the Bender telegraph station began its activity, and on April 24, the one in Chisinau, following the construction of the first Odesa-Chisinau-Leova telegraph line. Currently, telegraph services have been discontinued. The only ones who still use coded communication are radio amateurs.

The Morse telegraph machine shown comes from the Osinoostrovsky electrotechnical plant, Soviet Union, and dates back to 1934. The exhibit was restored by Mihail Culașco.

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National Session of Reports - Archaeological research in the Republic of Moldova, Campaign 2023

April 19, 2024

On April 19, 2024, under the auspices of the Ministry of Culture and the National Archeology Commission, the National Report Session - Archaeological Research in the Republic of Moldova for the 2023 Campaign took place. The scientific event was organized in collaboration between the National Archeology Agency and the National Museum of History of Moldova, to coincide with the International Day of Monuments and Sites, celebrated on April 18

During the session of archaeological reports, held at the National Museum of History of Moldova, a total of 31 scientific communications were presented. These covered the preventive and/or rescue archaeological research, coordinated by the National Archeology Agency, highlighting Eneolithic sites associated with the Cucuteni-Tripolie culture Vadul lui Vodă I and Glinjeni X, as well as archaeological sites such as the stratified fortified settlement Butuceni I - Cetătuie, the linear fortification Val lui Traian de Sus and mound 16 from Corjeuți. Also, preventive and systematic investigations from Chisinau and Cetatea Sorocii were presented, coordinated by dr.hab. Sergiu Musteață and Dr. Ion Ursu, who had significant results.

Among the communications related to systematic research, those related to the investigations coordinated by Dr. Aurel Zanoci and Dr. Mihai Băț, focused on representative sites in the Saharna microzone, dating from the first and second Iron Age, stood out. Also, a communication of interest raised by Dr. Octavian Munteanu was presented, regarding the excavations and interdisciplinary research carried out by a joint Moldavian-German team in the Poienești-Lucașeuca type settlement (2nd-1st century BC) of at Ivancea-Sub Pădure.

Original results were also presented by Dr. Ghenadie Sîrbu regarding the research in the Eneolithic site at Trinca-La Șant (Edineț district) and the paleobotanical explorations at Caracușenii Vechi (Briceni district), carried out as part of a Moldovan-German project. A particularly valuable discovery was a pottery kiln with reverberation discovered in the late Eneolithic site of Sângerei X I - Chirileni III, through research coordinated by archaeologist Veaceslav Bicbaev last fall, a complex that is to be preserved, transported and exhibited at the Museum of History and Ethnography from Sangerei.

Among the fortuitous archaeological discoveries, a complex with ceramic vessels from the 2nd century AD stands out. from Mereni (Anenii Noi district) and, in particular, a burial tomb from the 10th - 12th centuries from Valea Mare (Ungheni district), which included several pieces of ornament and port, some being unique for the Carpatho-Dniester area. Also, in the previous year, a wooden boat was discovered in Puhăceni (Anenii Noi district), dated by C14 analyzes to the 18th century.