#Exhibit of the Month

One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly. The telegraph spread very quickly and a network of wires stretched around the world.

In 1837, the American painter and physicist Samuel Morse invented the first electromagnetic device for telegraphy, patented in 1840. To send messages by wire, Morse developed in 1838 a simple code of dots and dashes, which represented the letters of the alphabet, known as "Morse code ".

Both Morse code and the telegraph machine were improved over time, with the telegraph becoming the most widespread system of communication and information transmission for more than a century, until the advent of the Internet. The telegraph system consisted of a series of stations repeaters along the transmission line route. Each station had an operator who received and transmitted messages by telegraph. The Morse machine transmitted about 25 words per minute, which were recorded in code on a paper tape. The operator in charge of transmitting the message would decode it and write it on paper using a special typewriter.

In Bessarabia, the telegraph entered in 1860: on April 8, the Bender telegraph station began its activity, and on April 24, the one in Chisinau, following the construction of the first Odesa-Chisinau-Leova telegraph line. Currently, telegraph services have been discontinued. The only ones who still use coded communication are radio amateurs.

The Morse telegraph machine shown comes from the Osinoostrovsky electrotechnical plant, Soviet Union, and dates back to 1934. The exhibit was restored by Mihail Culașco.

Virtual Tour

Research Academic Reports

Summary of the museum's scientific work in 2017

Starting with 2015, the National Museum of History of Moldova carries out the institutional project The Role of Museum Heritage in the Development of Contemporary Society (2015-2018) within the Strategic Direction “National Heritage and Development of Society”.

As a partner, the museum participated in the realization of the project “Historical Site Camp of the King Charles XII of Sweden at Varniţa – valorization and promotion” (2016-2017). The project was funded by the European Union within the framework of the CHOICE / Cultural Heritage: Opportunity for Improving Civic Engagement.

The project “Archaeological and interdisciplinary research within the Sabatinovka culture sites in the southern part of the Republic of Moldova” is carried out by the museum in cooperation with the Institute of Prehistoric Archeology, Free University (Berlin), with financial support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Germany). Project duration: 2016-2018. The main purpose of the project is to investigate the archaeological sites to establish the paleo-economic system of the late Bronze Age communities (16^th-12^th centuries BC).

The 2017 research campaign included systematic archaeological investigations carried out at the Taraclia-Gaidabul site from the late period of the late Bronze Age, located near the city Taraclia. In total, an area of approximately 500 m² has been excavated through archaeological excavations.

During excavations were discovered the remains of stone constructions, pits, multiple bone, stone, clay and bronze artifacts.

For interdisciplinary analyzes the necessary samples were taken for paleobotanical, paleozoological, pedological and C14 dating analyses.

Relevant obtained results:

Recent research in the archives of Sankt-Petersburg and Moscow resulted in the discovery of 38 letters written by Maria Cantemir to her younger brother Antioh Cantemir, which were previously known but were only partially published. Maria Cantemir's letters are important in historical and literary terms, and occupy a special place in the categories of epistolary sources. The publication of Maria Cantemir’s letters to her younger brother, Antioh, has a special significance in historical and literary terms. The analysis of structure, language, content and style of texts allows us to individualize the character in question, to identify the female subjectivity during the researched period, and at the same time it represents a model of behavior and positioning of women in family, private, spiritual and moral life.

New unique photo-documentary testimonies about the life of Lazo noble family in Bessarabia have been identified, were recovered cultural, material, three-dimensional assets that will allow the finalization of the Lazo family mansion as a museum and tourist objective, as an eloquent testimony of cultural identity. The new scientific data found in the archive files will allow us to present the appropriate material setting and moral environment of the Lazo family from Piatra with all the generations that have passed, with the spirit of that epoch, with the personalities of the manor who have made history and have brought contribution to the development of the Basarabian society over the centuries.

The results of the research have been valorized through various scientific and public forms in the country and abroad:

Publications:

Total – 106 publications: + 1 media article and 2 promotional materials

1 monograph

1 monograph chapter

1 collection of studies and articles

2 articles in national journals, category A

16 articles in national journals, category B

2 in other national journals

9 articles in national collections

32 national abstracts

1 monograph published abroad

8 articles in foreign journals

10 articles in foreign collections

16 abstracts in international publications

6 abstracts in foreign publications

1 electronic publication

In 2017, the museum managed to prepare and publish 2 issues of the museum journal - Tyragetia, re-accredited in 2017 as a scientific journal of category B.

In 2017, the collaboration of the museum with various institutions from abroad was materialized through the organization of scientific events (2 international ones), through the common public valorization of the historical-cultural heritage, by active participation in various studies, including archaeological excavations. Collaboration with scientific institutions in Germany has allowed the continuation of joint archaeological research projects in the Republic of Moldova. For international collaboration we must also mention the organization of the international conference Historical Site Camp of the King Charles XII of Sweden - recovery of memory, organization of the International Numismatic Symposium, 17^th edition attended by 30 participants from several European countries. The museum participated as partner in the realization of the project Historical site Camp of King Charles XII of Sweden at Varniţa - valorization and promotion.

The museum's researchers organized 5 national and 2 international scientific events:

National

1. Round table Deportations, famine, holocaust – crimes of the 20^th century, January 2017, sector Modern and Contemporary History.

2. Scientific conference War on Nistru, 28 February 2017, sector Modern and Contemporary History.

3. 11^th Symposium of Heraldry, organized by sector Medieval History and Numismatics in collaboration with the Society for Genealogy, Heraldry and Archive Studies „Paul Gore” and the National Commission of Heraldry by the President of the Republic of Moldova, 27 April 2017.

4. Scientific conference First church journal from Bessarabia (150 from first publication), organized by the sector Modern and Contemporary History and the Institute of History of the ASM, Chişinău, 8 June 2017.

5. Yearly scientific conference of the museum History. Archaeology. Mseology, 19-20 October 2017.

International

1. International scientific conference „Historic site Camp of King Charles XII of Sweden at Varniţa. Recovery of memory” within the project „Historic site Camp of King Charles XII of Sweden at Varniţa – valorization and promotion”, Chişinău, 21-22 May 2017. Responsible E. Ploşniţa.

2. The 17^th edition of the Symposium of Numismatics. Organized by the museum in partnership with the Numismatic Society from the Republic of Moldova and the Institute of Archaeology „Vasile Pârvan” of the Romanian Academy, 4-6 October 2017. Responsible A. Boldureanu.

There were 37 participations in national scientific events, 20 participations in international scientific events, 2 with international participation and 15 participations in events outside the country, in total - 74 participations in scientific events.

5 temporary exhibitions were organized and opened to the public:

1. Historic site Camp of King Charles XII of Sweden at Varniţa. Photo-documentary evidences, photo and documentary exhibition

2. Temporary exhibition Millennia of civilization at Orheiul Vechi, organized by sector Medieval History and Numismatics in collaboration with sector Archaeology and Old History.

3. Temporary exhibition Ion Hâncu. Man. Personality. Scientist”, April-May 2017.

4. Temporary exhibition The clock over time, opened on 18 May, 2017.

5. Temporary exhibition Sfatul Ţării. 100 years from foundation, November 2017.

Heritage Development: museum researchers have collected and deposited 1210 new cultural goods (patrimony items) in museum collections by transfer, field research, documentation, acquisitions and donations.

Digitization of collections: As part of the process of digitization of museum collections, the researchers produced 2316 analytical records.

Museum researchers have provided specialized assistance to several public and private institutions.

The museum's researchers worked as chairmen and members in university Commissions for the defense of bachelor and master theses; have also worked in editorial boards of scientific journals published in the country and abroad.

The museum was visited for documentary purposes by several specialists – researchers and museographers from Germany, Russia, Romania, Sweden, etc.

At present the museum has three PhD students at Moldova State University.

The results of the research were disseminated through several interviews: 10 interviews on TV and 20 on the radio.