One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly. The telegraph spread very quickly and a network of wires stretched around the world.
In 1837, the American painter and physicist Samuel Morse invented the first electromagnetic device for telegraphy, patented in 1840. To send messages by wire, Morse developed in 1838 a simple code of dots and dashes, which represented the letters of the alphabet, known as "Morse code ".
Both Morse code and the telegraph machine were improved over time, with the telegraph becoming the most widespread system of communication and information transmission for more than a century, until the advent of the Internet. The telegraph system consisted of a series of stations repeaters along the transmission line route. Each station had an operator who received and transmitted messages by telegraph. The Morse machine transmitted about 25 words per minute, which were recorded in code on a paper tape. The operator in charge of transmitting the message would decode it and write it on paper using a special typewriter.
In Bessarabia, the telegraph entered in 1860: on April 8, the Bender telegraph station began its activity, and on April 24, the one in Chisinau, following the construction of the first Odesa-Chisinau-Leova telegraph line. Currently, telegraph services have been discontinued. The only ones who still use coded communication are radio amateurs.
The Morse telegraph machine shown comes from the Osinoostrovsky electrotechnical plant, Soviet Union, and dates back to 1934. The exhibit was restored by Mihail Culașco.
A find of a bone case in the Tasmola culture kurgan (Central Kazakhstan)
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. X [XXV], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
Keywords: Central Kazakhstan, Tasmola culture, Saka, bone case, zoomorphic decoration.
Abstract: This article discusses the bone case from the kurgan 7 of the Baike-2 cemetery excavated in 2015 under the direction of A. Z. Beisenov. The site is located in the Karakuys mountainous area (Karkaraly district, the Kargandy region), 14 km to the south-southeast from the village of Nurken, and belongs to the Tasmola archaeological culture of the Saka time.
The bone case bears the images of 16 animals and one vortex sign. Based on the features of the décor, it is possible to attribute the case to the early Scythian stage? and date it to the 7th century BC. The images on the find from the Baike-2 cemetery display a number of stylistic and compositional characteristics that have certain parallels in the eastern regions of the Scythian world. This new discovery may complement the series of artifacts from the terrtory of Kazakhstan that, along with ones from Shilikty and Besshatyr, belongs to the earliest layer of the ancient nomadic culture.
List of illustrations: Fig. 1. Localization of the Baike-2 kurgan cemetery in relation to the settlements of Astana, Karagandy, Karkaraly, Balkhash (by D. Duisenbai). Fig. 2. Situation plan of the Baike-2 kurgan cemetery (after Beisenov, Duisenbai 2015). Fig. 3. Bone case from the Baike-2. Composition depicting one saiga and three predators in the center of the foreground (photo by D. Duisenbai). Fig. 4. Bone case from the Baike-2 kurgan cemetery. On the left - doe, on the right - hare (?), in the middle - whirl sign (photo by D. Duisenbai). Fig. 5. Bone case from the Baike-2 kurgan cemetery (photo by D. Duisenbai).
One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.