One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly. The telegraph spread very quickly and a network of wires stretched around the world.
In 1837, the American painter and physicist Samuel Morse invented the first electromagnetic device for telegraphy, patented in 1840. To send messages by wire, Morse developed in 1838 a simple code of dots and dashes, which represented the letters of the alphabet, known as "Morse code ".
Both Morse code and the telegraph machine were improved over time, with the telegraph becoming the most widespread system of communication and information transmission for more than a century, until the advent of the Internet. The telegraph system consisted of a series of stations repeaters along the transmission line route. Each station had an operator who received and transmitted messages by telegraph. The Morse machine transmitted about 25 words per minute, which were recorded in code on a paper tape. The operator in charge of transmitting the message would decode it and write it on paper using a special typewriter.
In Bessarabia, the telegraph entered in 1860: on April 8, the Bender telegraph station began its activity, and on April 24, the one in Chisinau, following the construction of the first Odesa-Chisinau-Leova telegraph line. Currently, telegraph services have been discontinued. The only ones who still use coded communication are radio amateurs.
The Morse telegraph machine shown comes from the Osinoostrovsky electrotechnical plant, Soviet Union, and dates back to 1934. The exhibit was restored by Mihail Culașco.
Cultural life and printed books during the reign of Matei Basarab
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VII [XXII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
In the first half of the 17th century, the crucial time for Romanian culture, the Wallachian throne was occupied by Matei Basarab (1632-1654), a descendant of the brilliant Basarab dynasty, who played an important role in the political development of Muntenia and is associated with some illustrious names in the religious and cultural life of the country. He inherited from his ancestors the zeal for religion and culture and was going to establish churches, schools, and in the first place - printing houses. With the assistance of the Metropolitan of Kiev Peter Mohyla, who had made Ukraine the center of Orthodox culture, he renewed the beautiful tradition of distribution of religious books that originated in the sixteenth century. An important role in the culture of the time of Matei Basarab played the famous scribe Udriște Năsturel and his sister Princess Elina. The printing activity at this time known as the „golden age" of Romanian culture was flourishing.
In printing centers of Câmpulung Muscel, Govora, the Dealu Monastery, and the Archdiocese of Târgoviște there had been printing 10 titles of books in Slavonic as well as translated books in Romanian. The first Romanian book printed under the reign of Matei Basarab was Pravila de la Govora (1640). Four years later, at the Dealu Monastery there was printed the book Evanghelia învătățoare, the text of which is slightly different from Cazania lui Varlaam. At the printing house of Târgoviște there were printed: Pogribania preotilor (1650), Mistyrio or Sacrament (1651), Târnosanie, and Îndreptarea legii (1652). The last book has a special significance in the history of the old Romanian literature and is also known as Pravila cea Mare a lui Matei Basarab (The Great Code of Matei Basarab) - a collection of civil and ecclesiastical laws, more complete than the Code of Vasile Lupu. Pravila cea Mare was widely spread all over the Romanian territories, especially in Transylvania, being demanded until the early nineteenth century. Circulation of printed book led to the unity of language and consciousness of the Romanian people.
One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
