One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly. The telegraph spread very quickly and a network of wires stretched around the world.
In 1837, the American painter and physicist Samuel Morse invented the first electromagnetic device for telegraphy, patented in 1840. To send messages by wire, Morse developed in 1838 a simple code of dots and dashes, which represented the letters of the alphabet, known as "Morse code ".
Both Morse code and the telegraph machine were improved over time, with the telegraph becoming the most widespread system of communication and information transmission for more than a century, until the advent of the Internet. The telegraph system consisted of a series of stations repeaters along the transmission line route. Each station had an operator who received and transmitted messages by telegraph. The Morse machine transmitted about 25 words per minute, which were recorded in code on a paper tape. The operator in charge of transmitting the message would decode it and write it on paper using a special typewriter.
In Bessarabia, the telegraph entered in 1860: on April 8, the Bender telegraph station began its activity, and on April 24, the one in Chisinau, following the construction of the first Odesa-Chisinau-Leova telegraph line. Currently, telegraph services have been discontinued. The only ones who still use coded communication are radio amateurs.
The Morse telegraph machine shown comes from the Osinoostrovsky electrotechnical plant, Soviet Union, and dates back to 1934. The exhibit was restored by Mihail Culașco.
De l’histoire de la recherche du livre ancien dans la Bucovine historique (à 500 ans de l’imprimation du premier livre sur le territoire de la Roumanie)
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. III [XVIII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Le texte de la communication présente des moments importants de l’évolution de la recherche du livre ancien dans la Bucovine historique, région dans laquelle a existé un intérêt constant à cet égard.
Les premières informations sur la présence des manuscrits et des livres anciens dans les plus célèbres monastères appartiennent à l’éditeur de documents F. A. Wickenhauser, tout en commençant avec l’année 1862 (La majorité de ses écritures ont été rééditées sous le titre: Molda Oder Beiträge zur Geschichte der Moldau und Bukovina, I-II/1-2, III/1-2, IV/1-2, V/1-2, Cernăuți, 1881-1891). Les plus récentes contributions dans la valorisation du livre ancien sont, en principal, les catalogues publiés par l’auteur de la communication ci-jointe (Cartea românească veche în județul Suceava. Catalog // Le livre roumain ancien dans le département de Suceava. Catalogue, Suceava, 2005; Catalogul manuscriselor slavo-române din Biblioteca Mănăstirii Sucevița // Le catalogue des manuscrits slavo-roumains de la Bibliothèque du Monastère Sucevița, Suceava, 1999; Manuscrise românești din Moldova. Catalog. Vol. I-II // Manuscrits roumains de la Moldavie. Catalogue, Iași, 2006-2007).
Des noms y mentionnés et associés avec des contributions importantes, nous rappelons: l’évêque Melchisedec Ştefănescu, Simion Florea Marian, Dimitrie Dan, Emil Turdeanu, Paulin Popescu, Ioan Zugrav, G. Popescu-Vâlcea. A l’avenir, nous avons l’intention de continuer l’activité de cataloguer les manuscrits slavo-roumains; la nécessité de l’existence d’un catalogue du livre slavon présent dans cette région s’impose, aussi (celui-ci imprimé à: Zabludou, Lvov, Kiev, Vilnius, Cernigov, Poceaev, Moscou), en spécial pour le contenu des notes marginales.
One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
