One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly. The telegraph spread very quickly and a network of wires stretched around the world.
In 1837, the American painter and physicist Samuel Morse invented the first electromagnetic device for telegraphy, patented in 1840. To send messages by wire, Morse developed in 1838 a simple code of dots and dashes, which represented the letters of the alphabet, known as "Morse code ".
Both Morse code and the telegraph machine were improved over time, with the telegraph becoming the most widespread system of communication and information transmission for more than a century, until the advent of the Internet. The telegraph system consisted of a series of stations repeaters along the transmission line route. Each station had an operator who received and transmitted messages by telegraph. The Morse machine transmitted about 25 words per minute, which were recorded in code on a paper tape. The operator in charge of transmitting the message would decode it and write it on paper using a special typewriter.
In Bessarabia, the telegraph entered in 1860: on April 8, the Bender telegraph station began its activity, and on April 24, the one in Chisinau, following the construction of the first Odesa-Chisinau-Leova telegraph line. Currently, telegraph services have been discontinued. The only ones who still use coded communication are radio amateurs.
The Morse telegraph machine shown comes from the Osinoostrovsky electrotechnical plant, Soviet Union, and dates back to 1934. The exhibit was restored by Mihail Culașco.
Des législations sur la consolidation des nécropoles et la construction des églises dans les cimetières dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VII [XXII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Dans cet article l'auteur discute sur les lois en vigueur dans la région Nistru-Prut sur l'arrangement des cimetières et l'édifice des églises dans les nécropoles. Les sources archivistiques et les représentations des églises nous permettent de déterminer tous les instructions qu'ont influencées sur l'arrangement des nécropoles et la construction des basiliques. La règle acceptée du pouvoir impérial installé les fondements de transformation des traditions régionales sur la construction des basiliques dans les cimetières.
Liste des figures:
Fig. 1. Le positionnement du cimetière et l'église du village Seliște, district Călărași. Collection privée.
Fig. 2. Le positionnement du cimetière et l'église du village Gordinești, district Rezina. Collection privée.
Fig. 3. Fragment d'un plan topographique du village Pupăzeni, actuellement village Nucăreni, district Telenești. 1809 années. Le positionnement du cimetière et l'église à la périphérie du village. La collection de Musée eth- nographique de Chișinău.
Fig. 4. Fragment d'un plan topographique du village Copanca, district Căușeni, et le positionnement du cimetière et l'église à la périphérie du village. La collection de Musée ethnographique de Chișinău.
Fig. 5. L églises du village Volcineț, district Ocnița, et le cimetière.
Fig. 6. La porte du cimetière et l'église du village Stodolna, district Rezina. Photo M. Brihuneț.
Fig. 7. Aspect d'une ancienne église de Bessarabie. Photo 1877 années. ANRM.
Fig. 8. I. Charlemane, A. Mihailov, A. Mihailov, A. Uhtomski. Collection de plans, élévations et sections pour construire des églises en pierre, Saint-Pétersbourg, 1824.
Fig. 9. Les projets types du Collection de plans, 1824 années, Saint-Pétersbourg.
Fig. 10. Un plan typique de l'église, village Lipcani (1822).
Fig. 11. Le projet spécial de l'église du village Lipcani, élaboré en 1822 années.
Fig. 12. L'église village Lipcani, érigé en 1837 années. Photo М. Brihuneț.
Manole Brihuneț
Religious architecture and funerary complexes of the Dniester-Prut interfluve: the importance of historiographical essays of the tsarist and the interwar times
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VI [XXI], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
