One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly. The telegraph spread very quickly and a network of wires stretched around the world.
In 1837, the American painter and physicist Samuel Morse invented the first electromagnetic device for telegraphy, patented in 1840. To send messages by wire, Morse developed in 1838 a simple code of dots and dashes, which represented the letters of the alphabet, known as "Morse code ".
Both Morse code and the telegraph machine were improved over time, with the telegraph becoming the most widespread system of communication and information transmission for more than a century, until the advent of the Internet. The telegraph system consisted of a series of stations repeaters along the transmission line route. Each station had an operator who received and transmitted messages by telegraph. The Morse machine transmitted about 25 words per minute, which were recorded in code on a paper tape. The operator in charge of transmitting the message would decode it and write it on paper using a special typewriter.
In Bessarabia, the telegraph entered in 1860: on April 8, the Bender telegraph station began its activity, and on April 24, the one in Chisinau, following the construction of the first Odesa-Chisinau-Leova telegraph line. Currently, telegraph services have been discontinued. The only ones who still use coded communication are radio amateurs.
The Morse telegraph machine shown comes from the Osinoostrovsky electrotechnical plant, Soviet Union, and dates back to 1934. The exhibit was restored by Mihail Culașco.
Владимир Белозор, Александр Могилов, Сергей Скорый
Early Iron Age complexes near Kozlov village in the Middle Dniester area
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. IV [XIX], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
The article is devoted to the specialist publication of materials from the Early Iron Age settlement near Kozlov village in Mogyliv-Podilskyj district of the Vinnitsa region, investigated in 1987 by the expedition of the Institute of Archaeology AS USSR. Remains of the dwellings, household pits and a context connected to the treatment of flint were excavated. The basic category of finds from a settlement are the ceramics, the finds of complete pottery vessels being rare. Metallic objects are not present, which may partly have been compensated by the wide distribution of the flints. The analysis of the inventory allows us to date the settlement back to the end of the pre-scythian - the beginning of scythian time.
List of illustrations Fig. 1. General plan of Kozlov II settlement. Fig. 2. Plan of excavations from Kozlov II settlement. Fig. 3. Plan and section of dwelling no. 1. Fig. 4. Plans and sections of pits from Kozlov II settlement: 1 - pit no. 2; 2 - pit no. 3; 3 - pit no. 5; 4 - pit no. 6. Fig. 5. Furnaces from Kozlov II settlements. Fig. 6. Ceramics from Kozlov II (1-4, 13-22) and Kozlov I (5-12) settlements. Fig. 7. Ceramics from Kozlov II settlement. Fig. 8. Inventory of Kozlov II settlement: 1-40, 42-44 - ceramics, 41 - stone. Fig. 9. Ceramics from Kozlov II settlement. Fig. 10. Ceramics from Kozlov II settlement. Fig. 11. Ceramics from Kozlov II settlement. Fig. 12. Ceramics from Kozlov II settlement. Fig. 13. Inventory of Kozlov II settlement: 1-17, 19, 21-25 - stone; 18, 20 - ceramics; 26 - bone; 24 - bronze. Fig. 14. Main cultural-chronological indicators from early Scythian monuments from Middle Dniester region: 1 - Lenkovcy, tumulus; 2 - Sokirincy; 3, 4 - Perebykovcy, tumulus no. 2; 5-12 - Kruglik, tumulus no. 1; 13-22, 25 - Šutnovcy, tumulus no. 3; 23, 26 - Ivane-Puste; 24, 28 - Zales’e; 27 - Loevcy, tumulus no. 1; 29 - Nivra; 30, 31 - Teklivka, tumulus no. 3; 32 - Bratyšev, tumulus no. 4. 1-4, 22, 23, 25, 27 - iron; 3-21, 24, 30-32 - bronze; 26, 28, 29 - bone (1 - after A.I. Meljukova; 2, 14-22, 25 - after A.F. Gucal; 3-12 - after G.I. Smirnova; 23, 24, 26 - after O.D. Ganina; 27 - after L.I. Krušel’nickaja; 28 - after A.D. Mogilov; 29 - after M.S. Bandrivskij; 30, 31 - after A.F. Gucal, V.A. Gucal, V.P. Megej, A.D. Mogilov; 32 - after T. Sulimirskij).
One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
