One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly. The telegraph spread very quickly and a network of wires stretched around the world.
In 1837, the American painter and physicist Samuel Morse invented the first electromagnetic device for telegraphy, patented in 1840. To send messages by wire, Morse developed in 1838 a simple code of dots and dashes, which represented the letters of the alphabet, known as "Morse code ".
Both Morse code and the telegraph machine were improved over time, with the telegraph becoming the most widespread system of communication and information transmission for more than a century, until the advent of the Internet. The telegraph system consisted of a series of stations repeaters along the transmission line route. Each station had an operator who received and transmitted messages by telegraph. The Morse machine transmitted about 25 words per minute, which were recorded in code on a paper tape. The operator in charge of transmitting the message would decode it and write it on paper using a special typewriter.
In Bessarabia, the telegraph entered in 1860: on April 8, the Bender telegraph station began its activity, and on April 24, the one in Chisinau, following the construction of the first Odesa-Chisinau-Leova telegraph line. Currently, telegraph services have been discontinued. The only ones who still use coded communication are radio amateurs.
The Morse telegraph machine shown comes from the Osinoostrovsky electrotechnical plant, Soviet Union, and dates back to 1934. The exhibit was restored by Mihail Culașco.
New data on Alexander Sturdza from Odessa archives (two unpublished letters of the middle of 19th century)
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. V [XX], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
In scientific circles it has been observed in recent years a special interest in the personality of Alexander Sturdza (1791-1854), unjustly forgotten by historians and better known by philologists as a contemporary of Alexander Pushkin. Alexander Sturdza’s activities have left deep marks on history and culture of many nations. And yet, his activities in the Principality of Moldova remained almost unknown to the Russian public.
Evidences to be discussed are two unpublished letters (in French and Russian) from the archives of Odessa, which reflect the Alexander Sturdza’s relations with the Socola Seminary (Iași). We are talking about the correspondence of Gospodar Mihail Sturdza with his cousin Alexander, who was invited to Iasi to be offered the honorary post of warden of the Socola Seminary. It is possible that this offer was made by the Iasi gospodar, who had been known for his pro-Russian attitudes, at the suggestion of officials from St. Petersburg. Seminarians from Socola continued their studies at the Kiev Theological Academy.
In the first letter dated June 15, 1843 Alexander Sturdza expresses gratitude for the honor, but proposes that the function of warden of the Socola Seminary will be given to Alexander Bals, citing the fact that he does not live in Iasi permanently.
The second letter of March 28, 1847 is addressed by Alexander Sturdza to Karl Nesselrode, Foreign Minister of the Russian Empire. The latter was not only an imperial chancellor, but a friend having the same ideas as Alexander Sturdza. They both sincerely shared an unshakeable faith in the solid foundation of the Holy Alliance. Undoubtedly, the sources in question remain open to critical approach. It is also true that they raise new questions, which remain unanswered. But, certainly, they will contribute to better knowledge and / or understanding of the contribution of Alexander Sturdza to the history of Romanians.
Александр Пономарёв
The Wallachian family of Corbea (Korbe) in Ukraine-Hetmanate in the 18th century
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. XIV [XXIX], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Александр Пономарёв
Biography of Kutuzov in the light of an unknown 1769 document
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. XVI [XXXI], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
