One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly. The telegraph spread very quickly and a network of wires stretched around the world.
In 1837, the American painter and physicist Samuel Morse invented the first electromagnetic device for telegraphy, patented in 1840. To send messages by wire, Morse developed in 1838 a simple code of dots and dashes, which represented the letters of the alphabet, known as "Morse code ".
Both Morse code and the telegraph machine were improved over time, with the telegraph becoming the most widespread system of communication and information transmission for more than a century, until the advent of the Internet. The telegraph system consisted of a series of stations repeaters along the transmission line route. Each station had an operator who received and transmitted messages by telegraph. The Morse machine transmitted about 25 words per minute, which were recorded in code on a paper tape. The operator in charge of transmitting the message would decode it and write it on paper using a special typewriter.
In Bessarabia, the telegraph entered in 1860: on April 8, the Bender telegraph station began its activity, and on April 24, the one in Chisinau, following the construction of the first Odesa-Chisinau-Leova telegraph line. Currently, telegraph services have been discontinued. The only ones who still use coded communication are radio amateurs.
The Morse telegraph machine shown comes from the Osinoostrovsky electrotechnical plant, Soviet Union, and dates back to 1934. The exhibit was restored by Mihail Culașco.
Some data about the descendants of Manuc Bey (19th century - beginning of 20th century)
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. IV [XIX], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Manuc Bey, dragoman of the Porte, State Counselor of the Russian Empire was a well known person in the end of XVIII - early nineteenth century. About his business and political activities have been written monographs, studies and articles. The research time in the archival materials and published works, present several pieces of the lives of children, his grandchildren and great-grandchildren.
In 1822 October 31 the Civil Court of Basarabia was received the application of curates Manuc Bey property, state councilor Neboda and clucerul Burda to file the deceased ately. They presented the Manuc Bey’s testament drawn up in 1815 July 19 in Kronstadt, personally sign by the test. Testament was written in Armenian language, with translation into Russian, being certified by Gregory, Archbishop of the Armenians in Basarabia. This lately caused several years of dispute among heirs. At the same time, is an important source for the study of mentality and every- day life of the age, and pedigree of Manuc Bey study.
Manuc Bey was born in 1769 in Rusciuc in Mardiros Mirzoian and Mamilei’s family, the daughter of Hamum Oglu. First Manuc Bey in 1786 married the daughter of a wealthy Armenian, Avetz in Rusciuc. The second time he married in 1794 with Mariam (in the acts also called Hanuma), daughter of Haji Harutiun. From this marriage were born six children: two boys and four girls. From wills and other archival documents and studies, we identified their names: Murad (Murat in documents, Ivan, Ioan) and Feriat (Grigori in documents, Feriad), Mariam (Maria in documents), Pemba (Kaniane, Keiani, Gaiane, Gayrana in documents), Gadara (in documents Gadir, Gatere, Ecaterina), and Tebera (Gebera in documents).
Manuc Bey followers married with offspring from families known not only in the Russian Empire, but in Europe. The activity of some of them was mentioned at the state level.
List of illustrations: Photo 1. Grand Dragoman Manuc Bey. Photo 2. Armenian Church, burial place of Manuc Bey and his daughters. Photo 3. Tombstone’s Manuc Bey. Photo 4. Tombstone of Mary, the daughter’s Manuc Bey. Photo 5. Tombstone of Pemba (Gaiane), daughter’s Manuc Bey. Photo 6. Murat’s Palace at Hâncești (1927; 2010). Photo 7. “Hunter Palace”, built by Architects Bernardazzi.
List of annex: 1. The testament of Manuc Bey.
Alina Felea
From the history of a family in Bessarabia of the early 19th century: the husband's inability to perform the conjugal duty
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. X [XXV], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Alina Felea
Cantemir’ s wills. Case Study (XVIII - beginning XIX centuries)
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. V [XX], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Alina Felea
Some categories of epitaphs in Moldova and neighboring countries in the 17th - early 19th centuries
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VII [XXII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Alina Felea
Voivode/prince between Ideal and Real. Chroniclers’ representations about Tara Moldova (the middle of 17th - the middle of 18th Centuries
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. III [XVIII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Alina Felea
From family history in the Romanian space: Alcoholism and family relations in the 18th century in Moldavia and in the first decades of the 19th century in Bessarabia
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VIII [XXIII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
