One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly. The telegraph spread very quickly and a network of wires stretched around the world.
In 1837, the American painter and physicist Samuel Morse invented the first electromagnetic device for telegraphy, patented in 1840. To send messages by wire, Morse developed in 1838 a simple code of dots and dashes, which represented the letters of the alphabet, known as "Morse code ".
Both Morse code and the telegraph machine were improved over time, with the telegraph becoming the most widespread system of communication and information transmission for more than a century, until the advent of the Internet. The telegraph system consisted of a series of stations repeaters along the transmission line route. Each station had an operator who received and transmitted messages by telegraph. The Morse machine transmitted about 25 words per minute, which were recorded in code on a paper tape. The operator in charge of transmitting the message would decode it and write it on paper using a special typewriter.
In Bessarabia, the telegraph entered in 1860: on April 8, the Bender telegraph station began its activity, and on April 24, the one in Chisinau, following the construction of the first Odesa-Chisinau-Leova telegraph line. Currently, telegraph services have been discontinued. The only ones who still use coded communication are radio amateurs.
The Morse telegraph machine shown comes from the Osinoostrovsky electrotechnical plant, Soviet Union, and dates back to 1934. The exhibit was restored by Mihail Culașco.
Soviet propaganda posters of the Second World War in collections of the National Museum of History of Moldova
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. X [XXV], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Keywords: collection, heritage, poster, propaganda, war. Abstract: This article is the result of studying the collection of Soviet propaganda posters of the Second World War from NMHM. During the research it was found that they are very different in content, format and design. Typologically they can be divided into two categories: posters made by using a stencil technique and printed posters. The number of stencil posters in the museum's collection is small - 50 objects; their theme is dedicated to the events of 1945 - the last year of the war. Most of the collection consists of printed posters. There are originals and copies multiplied during the war and after its end by tens of thousands of exemplars. It was found that the informative message of the posters varied depending on the situation at the front and in the rear. In wartime, the sole purpose of the posters was a justification for the war and denigrating the enemy. Their role has resulted in the mobilization of society against the enemy. At the same time the posters were a form of manipulation of citizens by the Soviet authorities; they concealed crimes and ugly phenomena that accompanied the Soviet policy throughout its existence.
List of illustrations: 1. Poster "From the speech of Comrade I.V. Stalin", 1941. 2. Poster "Mercilessly crush and destroy the enemy" by the Kukryniksy (Mikhail Kupriyanov, Porfiry Krylov and Nikolai Sokolov), 1941. 3. Poster "The Motherland Calls!" by I. Toidze, 1941. 4. Poster "Death to fascism!" by V. Vlasov, N. Pevzin, and T. Shishmareva, 1941. 5. Poster "Across the country, from end to end, girls-comrades-in-arms at their posts stand" by A. Deineka, 1942. 6. Poster "Comrades! Donate warm clothes for the Red Army!" by N. Baskakov, 1942. 7. Poster "Let's produce and give warm clothes to the front! Let's help the Red Army to destroy the German invaders!" by V.Biryukov, 1942. 8. Poster "Let's help the front by the participation in the second money and clothing lottery!", 1942. 9. Poster "The history of many German divisions" by Pankratov, 1944. 10. Poster "Revenge for them!" by N. Batolina, 1944. 11. Poster "Demolish the hydra" by P. Sargsyan, 1945. 12. Poster "So it will be with the fascist beast" by A. Kokorekin, 1945. 13. Poster "Inglorious end to the fascist aggressors" by V. Deni (Denisov), 1945. 14. Poster "Victory Day!" by B. Muhin, 1945.
Vera Stăvilă
Collection of anti-religious drawings and lithographs from the National Museum of History of Moldova
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. IX [XXIV], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie Chișinău, 2015
Vera Stăvilă
Contribution to the study of the activity of the Chișinău orphanage “Children’s home”
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. I [XVI], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie Chișinău, 2007
Vera Stăvilă
Concert posters from the National Museum of History of Moldova
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VIII [XXIII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Vera Stăvilă
Movie posters from the collection of the National Museum of History of Moldova
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VII [XXII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Vera Stăvilă
Female images on Soviet posters from the collections of the National Museum of History of Moldova
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. XV [XXX], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.