One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly. The telegraph spread very quickly and a network of wires stretched around the world.
In 1837, the American painter and physicist Samuel Morse invented the first electromagnetic device for telegraphy, patented in 1840. To send messages by wire, Morse developed in 1838 a simple code of dots and dashes, which represented the letters of the alphabet, known as "Morse code ".
Both Morse code and the telegraph machine were improved over time, with the telegraph becoming the most widespread system of communication and information transmission for more than a century, until the advent of the Internet. The telegraph system consisted of a series of stations repeaters along the transmission line route. Each station had an operator who received and transmitted messages by telegraph. The Morse machine transmitted about 25 words per minute, which were recorded in code on a paper tape. The operator in charge of transmitting the message would decode it and write it on paper using a special typewriter.
In Bessarabia, the telegraph entered in 1860: on April 8, the Bender telegraph station began its activity, and on April 24, the one in Chisinau, following the construction of the first Odesa-Chisinau-Leova telegraph line. Currently, telegraph services have been discontinued. The only ones who still use coded communication are radio amateurs.
The Morse telegraph machine shown comes from the Osinoostrovsky electrotechnical plant, Soviet Union, and dates back to 1934. The exhibit was restored by Mihail Culașco.
The army as an important factor of social mobility in Roman Empire
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. II [XVII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
Армия как важный фактор социальной мобильности в Римской империи
Римское государство – одно из величайших европейских цивилизаций, просуществовавших наиболее дли- тельное время (754/753 гг. до н.э. – 476 н.э.). Можно привести немало факторов и причин упадка Римской империи. Однако ещë труднее установить причины столь длительного существования древнего римского государства, римской культуры и цивилизации. Среди таких факторов можно назвать высокую римскую культуру и важность предоставления членам местной и провинциальной элиты римского гражданства. Армия, которая силой оружья создала и сохранила Римскую империю, является также основным факторам. Однако римскую армию следует рассматривать и как важный фактор вертикальной социальной мобильности. Римская империя никогда не пыталась создать кастовую систему (как в древней Индии), в которой был бы невозможен социальный рост. Соображения демографического характера создали необходимость социальной мобильности и продвижения членов нижних социальных слоëв в социальную и политическую элиту Римской империи. Это в особенности было возможно для офицеров, служивших в самых лучших римских армиях – таких, как в провинциях Нижнего Подунавья (Дакия, Мезия и Паннония).
Janusz Skoczylas, Marek Żyromski
The stonemasons’ signs in the social and political context
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. II [XVII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Jerzy Hatłas, Marek Żyromski
Protoierey Mihail Chakir – orthodox priest, gagauzian spiritual leader and historian (1861-1938) – and the question of emancipation of gagauzians as the independent nation
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. IX [XXIV], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie Chișinău, 2015
Marek Żyromski
The patterns of promotion within the roman army and administration – patronage versus experience and specialization
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. III [XVIII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
Marek Żyromski
Power, legitimization and propaganda in Imperial Rome
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. I [XVI], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică Chișinău, 2007
One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.