One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly. The telegraph spread very quickly and a network of wires stretched around the world.
In 1837, the American painter and physicist Samuel Morse invented the first electromagnetic device for telegraphy, patented in 1840. To send messages by wire, Morse developed in 1838 a simple code of dots and dashes, which represented the letters of the alphabet, known as "Morse code ".
Both Morse code and the telegraph machine were improved over time, with the telegraph becoming the most widespread system of communication and information transmission for more than a century, until the advent of the Internet. The telegraph system consisted of a series of stations repeaters along the transmission line route. Each station had an operator who received and transmitted messages by telegraph. The Morse machine transmitted about 25 words per minute, which were recorded in code on a paper tape. The operator in charge of transmitting the message would decode it and write it on paper using a special typewriter.
In Bessarabia, the telegraph entered in 1860: on April 8, the Bender telegraph station began its activity, and on April 24, the one in Chisinau, following the construction of the first Odesa-Chisinau-Leova telegraph line. Currently, telegraph services have been discontinued. The only ones who still use coded communication are radio amateurs.
The Morse telegraph machine shown comes from the Osinoostrovsky electrotechnical plant, Soviet Union, and dates back to 1934. The exhibit was restored by Mihail Culașco.
The military camp of Charles XII at Varnița near the Bender Fortress
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VII [XXII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
Военный лагерь Карла XII в селе Варница возле Бендерской крепости
В 1990-е годы сотрудники Национального музея истории Молдовы провели обследование территории у села Варница, где, согласно письменным и картографичеким данным, был последний лагерь шведского короля Карла XII. По результатам обследования музей приобрел часть территории, на которой создано отделение музея «Военный лагерь Карла XII». В 1993 г. в районе памятного обелиска, установленного в 1920-е годы правительством Румынии по просьбе шведской стороны, был заложен разведовательный шурф, который выявил остатки каменного строения и артефакты начала XVIII в. В настоящее время Национальный музей истории Молдовы работает над проектом полномасшабных раскопок территории бывшего лагеря Карла XII, с целью его восстановления и последующей музеефикации.
Список иллюстраций:
Рис. 1. Топографический план с. Варница с указанием места расположения «Лагеря Карла XII».
Рис. 2. Расположение «Лагеря Карла XII» по отношению к крепости Бендеры (по плану Эйтгера, 1840 г.
НМИМ, ОФ-6790).
Рис. 3. План «Лагеря Карла XII» (по плану Эйтгера, 1840 г. НМИМ, ОФ-6790). Рис. 4. Варница. План и разрез раскопка на территории «Лагеря Карла XII».
Фото 1. Варница. Мемориальный памятник, установленный на месте «Лагеря Карла XII».
One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.