One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly. The telegraph spread very quickly and a network of wires stretched around the world.
In 1837, the American painter and physicist Samuel Morse invented the first electromagnetic device for telegraphy, patented in 1840. To send messages by wire, Morse developed in 1838 a simple code of dots and dashes, which represented the letters of the alphabet, known as "Morse code ".
Both Morse code and the telegraph machine were improved over time, with the telegraph becoming the most widespread system of communication and information transmission for more than a century, until the advent of the Internet. The telegraph system consisted of a series of stations repeaters along the transmission line route. Each station had an operator who received and transmitted messages by telegraph. The Morse machine transmitted about 25 words per minute, which were recorded in code on a paper tape. The operator in charge of transmitting the message would decode it and write it on paper using a special typewriter.
In Bessarabia, the telegraph entered in 1860: on April 8, the Bender telegraph station began its activity, and on April 24, the one in Chisinau, following the construction of the first Odesa-Chisinau-Leova telegraph line. Currently, telegraph services have been discontinued. The only ones who still use coded communication are radio amateurs.
The Morse telegraph machine shown comes from the Osinoostrovsky electrotechnical plant, Soviet Union, and dates back to 1934. The exhibit was restored by Mihail Culașco.
Types of decorative elements in headwear of the Scythian women
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VII [XXII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
The study analyzes the Scythian women's headwear based on the discoveries in Scythian barrows with female burials. By decorative elements there were identified several types of headwear. As a rule, they were worn by representatives of aristocratic layers of society and highlighted their social status. Despite the diversity of decorative elements it can be noted a common element for all the head-dresses - the representation of the fertility goddess.
List of illustrations:
Fig. 1. Golden appliqué on a cylindrical head-dress depicting a goddess wearing a crown (polos).
Fig. 2. Scene of adoration on a gold miniature from the Melitopol mound.
Fig. 3. Image of the goddess on earrings from the mound No. 10 near the village of Bol'shaya Znamenka (Zaporizhia Oblast).
Fig. 4. Pendant with the image of the goddess Hera (the village of Belozerka, Zaporizhia Oblast).
Fig. 5. Reconstruction of a head-dress based on investigation of materials from the mound No. 22 near the village of Kamenka (Mykolaiv Oblast).
Fig. 6. The layout of decorations on a head-dress (mound No. 22, near the village of Vil'na Ukraina, Kherson Oblast).
Fig. 7. Reconstruction of head-dress by decorative elements from the mound No. 22, near the village of Vil'na Ukraina (Kherson Oblast).
Fig. 8. Openwork appliqués for the decoration of a head-dress from the mound No. 22 near the village of Kamenka (Mykolaiv Oblast): a - palmette; b - images of a sphinx and a griffin in a heraldic composition.
Fig. 9. Openwork plates from the set for the decoration of a head-dress from the mound No. 22, near the village of Vil'na Ukraina (Kherson Oblast): a - plate with a representation of a sphinx and a griffin in a heraldic composition; b - openwork ribbon with the representation of a tree with birds.
Fig. 10. Reconstruction of a head-dress by the ornaments from the mound No. 22, near the village of Vil'na Ukraina (Kherson Oblast).
One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
