One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly. The telegraph spread very quickly and a network of wires stretched around the world.
In 1837, the American painter and physicist Samuel Morse invented the first electromagnetic device for telegraphy, patented in 1840. To send messages by wire, Morse developed in 1838 a simple code of dots and dashes, which represented the letters of the alphabet, known as "Morse code ".
Both Morse code and the telegraph machine were improved over time, with the telegraph becoming the most widespread system of communication and information transmission for more than a century, until the advent of the Internet. The telegraph system consisted of a series of stations repeaters along the transmission line route. Each station had an operator who received and transmitted messages by telegraph. The Morse machine transmitted about 25 words per minute, which were recorded in code on a paper tape. The operator in charge of transmitting the message would decode it and write it on paper using a special typewriter.
In Bessarabia, the telegraph entered in 1860: on April 8, the Bender telegraph station began its activity, and on April 24, the one in Chisinau, following the construction of the first Odesa-Chisinau-Leova telegraph line. Currently, telegraph services have been discontinued. The only ones who still use coded communication are radio amateurs.
The Morse telegraph machine shown comes from the Osinoostrovsky electrotechnical plant, Soviet Union, and dates back to 1934. The exhibit was restored by Mihail Culașco.
Agricultural advertising in periodicals of the late 19th - early 20th centuries from the collection of NMHM
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VII [XXII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Depending on the stage of development, advertising as a historical phenomenon was expanding its sphere of influence penetrating more and more in various spheres of human activity. Agriculture, which is an important branch of the national economy closely related to the trade, always needs advertising. The absence of serfdom and the agrarian reforms have contributed to the integration of Bessarabian agriculture into the system of market relations. Local farmers needed promotion and marketing of agricultural products. For this they applied to various means of advertising. Agricultural advertisings can be found in the pages of the Bessarabian press from the late 19th - early 20th centuries. Most often, they were printed in publications of agricultural profile. An example is the magazine "Bessarabskoe sel'skoe khozyaistvo" ("Bessarabian Agriculture"), the publication of Agronomic Section of the Bessarabian Naturalists' Society and the Chișinău Department of the Imperial Russian Society for Horticulture. The magazine was published from 1908 to 1917.
In the collection of MNHM there are 28 issues of this magazine (in all there were 240 issues). The years of publication: 1909, 1910, 1912 and 1916. They are the main source of research on the topic.
The aim of this work is to determine the themes of agricultural advertisements and their contribution to the im- provement of agricultural management in Tsarist Bessarabia.
All issues of the journal had the ads section. Regular customers of the journal were both local and foreign manufac- turers. Among the local: Fruit an Grape Nurseries "EKO" (Soroca); Bucovăț Fruit and Grape Nurseries; Baron A. Stuart's Fruit Nursery (Chișinău); Cocorozeni Agricultural School; E.P. Melega-Kuzminskaia's estate of Temeleuți and F.F. Köppen's estate of Voinovo-Ikel; Horticulture, Viticulture and Winemaking Bureau and Storage of Agricultural Machinery of N.G. Kavsan (Chișinău), etc. The ads offered planting material tested in local climate: fruit trees, local and foreign varieties of grape vine grafted onto American rootstocks, seed crops, as well as purebred cattle. Among the proposals there were met agricultural tools and machines made by known foreign firms.
II. Ad unit of the Bucovăț Fruit and Grape Nurseries (БСХ, almost in all the issues).
III. Advertising of the Fruit an Grape Nurseries «EKO» (БСХ, №18, 1910).
IV. Advertisement of Baron A. Stuart's Fruit Nursery (БСХ, №13, 1909).
V. Advertising of E.P. Melega-Kuzminskaia's seed farms (БСХ, №5, 1910).
VI. Ad unit of F.F. Köppen's estate of Voinova-Ichel (БСХ, №1, 1909).
VII. Advertising of the Cocorozeni Agricultural School (БСХ, №3, 1909).
VIII. Advertisement of the Ialoveni Agricultural Society (БСХ, №5, 1909).
IX. Advertising of wines of V.V. Yanovsky (Бессарабский юбилейный сельскохозяйственный календарь, 1912).
X. Advertising of the "nests" from "The Yanovka Farm" (БСХ, №17, 1910).
XI. Ad unit of the Horticulture, Viticulture and Winemaking Bureau and Storage of Agricultural Machinery of N.G. Kavsan (Chișinău) (БСХ, №11, 1910).
XII. Ad unit of the Dayber Brothers' Nursery Garden, Odessa (БСХ, №24, 1910).
XIII. Advertisement of S.R. Rothe's Nursery Garden, Odessa (БСХ, №18, 1910).
XIV. Advertising of L.P. Simirenko's Fruit Nursery, Horodysche, the Kiev Governorate (БСХ, №17, 1910).
XV. Advertising of the French grape nursery "Paul Gros Royan", the General Representative in Russia - Trading house "Jacob Haslavsky", Odessa (БСХ, №23, 1910).
XVI. Ad unit of the winnowing and grain cleaning machines marketed by Alfred Grodzky, Warsaw (БСХ, №17, 1910)
XVII. Advertising of scythes and sickles by "J. Mintzer and Kº", Austria (БСХ, №23, 1910).
XVIII. Advertising of Alfred Grodzky's sowing machines "Superior", Warsaw (БСХ, №17, 1910).
XIX. Ad unit of Wloclawek Wire Works, the Warsaw Governorate (БСХ, №6, 1910).
Vera Serjant
Newspaper "Novaya Gazeta" and its role in the development of advertising in Bessarabia
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VI [XXI], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Vera Serjant
Medals from the collections of the National Museum of History of Moldova, dedicated to the event of the Great Union
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. XII [XXVII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Vera Serjant
Materials related to the elite of the nobility of Bessarabia – the families of Cantacuzin and Krupensky in the collections of the National Museum of the History of Moldova
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. XI [XXVI], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Vera Serjant
Advertisements of trading houses and shops in the Bessarabian press (the late 19th - early 20th centuries)
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. V [XX], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Vera Serjant
V. Dokuchaev Commemorative Medal in the collection of the National Museum of History of Moldova
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. XVI [XXXI], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
