One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly. The telegraph spread very quickly and a network of wires stretched around the world.
In 1837, the American painter and physicist Samuel Morse invented the first electromagnetic device for telegraphy, patented in 1840. To send messages by wire, Morse developed in 1838 a simple code of dots and dashes, which represented the letters of the alphabet, known as "Morse code ".
Both Morse code and the telegraph machine were improved over time, with the telegraph becoming the most widespread system of communication and information transmission for more than a century, until the advent of the Internet. The telegraph system consisted of a series of stations repeaters along the transmission line route. Each station had an operator who received and transmitted messages by telegraph. The Morse machine transmitted about 25 words per minute, which were recorded in code on a paper tape. The operator in charge of transmitting the message would decode it and write it on paper using a special typewriter.
In Bessarabia, the telegraph entered in 1860: on April 8, the Bender telegraph station began its activity, and on April 24, the one in Chisinau, following the construction of the first Odesa-Chisinau-Leova telegraph line. Currently, telegraph services have been discontinued. The only ones who still use coded communication are radio amateurs.
The Morse telegraph machine shown comes from the Osinoostrovsky electrotechnical plant, Soviet Union, and dates back to 1934. The exhibit was restored by Mihail Culașco.
Сергей Разумов, Сергей Лысенко, Виталий Синика, Николай Тельнов
Early Bronze Age ritual complex from the left bank of the Lower Dniester
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. X [XXV], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
Keywords: Early Bronze Age, Late Neolithic, funerary practice, Usatovo culture, Lower Dniester, dogs' burials.
Abstract: In 2015 the employees of the Pridnestrovian State University conducted rescue excavations of three barows from the group «Sad» near Glinoe Village, Slobodzeiya district on the left bank of the Lower Dniester. In the barrow 4, in addition to the seven secondary Early Iron Age graves, the burial of a small child and related constructions were found: 11 round ritual pits with animal bones and a fireplace located on the ancient horizon in a certain order, surrounded by a ring ditch with two gaps. Two pits contained dogs' burials, and the one pit - a young specimen of small cattle. Funeral practice and inventory of the main burial and features of the under barrow constructions allow to attribute this monument to the earliest stage of Usatovo culture - to the time, when its carriers had active contacts with the population of the Yamna cultural-historical community. Barrow 4 of the group «Sad» near Glinoe village is preliminary dated to the turn of the 4th-3rd millennia BC. The interpretation of this barrow as a sanctuary of Early Bronze Age, probably associated with the ritual sacrifice of animals and humans, is the most reasonable.
List of illustrations: Fig. 1. Geographical and topographical location of the barrow cemetery "Sad" near Glinoe village. Fig. 2. Plan of the barrow 4 of the cemetery "Sad". Fig. 3. Profiles of baulks of the barrow 4 of the cemetery "Sad". Fig. 4. Objects of the Early Bronze Age from the barrow 4 of the cemetery "Sad": 1, 2 - plan and section of the object 15; 3 - flint flake from the object 15; 4 - fragment of the vessel from the object 15; 5 - object 4; 6 - object 5. Fig. 5. Objects of the Early Bronze Age from the barrow 4 of the cemetery "Sad": 1 - object 1; 2 - object 2. Fig. 6. Objects of the Early Bronze Age from the barrow 4 of the cemetery "Sad": 1 - object 7; 2 - object 8; 3 - object 10; 4 - object 19; 5 - object 9; 6 - object 12; 7 - object 14. Fig. 7. Plan of the barrow 6 near Nikol'skoe village, Slobodzeja district on the left bank of the Lower Dniester (after Агульников, Сава 2004, рис. 22).
Виталий Синика, Николай Тельнов
Lamps in the funeral practice of the Scythians of the North Black Sea littoral
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. IX [XXIV], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică Chișinău, 2015
One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
