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One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly. The telegraph spread very quickly and a network of wires stretched around the world.

In 1837, the American painter and physicist Samuel Morse invented the first electromagnetic device for telegraphy, patented in 1840. To send messages by wire, Morse developed in 1838 a simple code of dots and dashes, which represented the letters of the alphabet, known as "Morse code ".

Both Morse code and the telegraph machine were improved over time, with the telegraph becoming the most widespread system of communication and information transmission for more than a century, until the advent of the Internet. The telegraph system consisted of a series of stations repeaters along the transmission line route. Each station had an operator who received and transmitted messages by telegraph. The Morse machine transmitted about 25 words per minute, which were recorded in code on a paper tape. The operator in charge of transmitting the message would decode it and write it on paper using a special typewriter.

In Bessarabia, the telegraph entered in 1860: on April 8, the Bender telegraph station began its activity, and on April 24, the one in Chisinau, following the construction of the first Odesa-Chisinau-Leova telegraph line. Currently, telegraph services have been discontinued. The only ones who still use coded communication are radio amateurs.

The Morse telegraph machine shown comes from the Osinoostrovsky electrotechnical plant, Soviet Union, and dates back to 1934. The exhibit was restored by Mihail Culașco.

Virtual Tour


Publications Journal „Tyragetia"   vol. II [XVII], nr. 2


One Moscow historian’s view on the Relations of the Danube Principalities with the Ottoman Empire and with Russia
ISSN 1857-0240
E-ISSN 2537-6330

One Moscow historian’s view on the Relations of the Danube Principalities with the Ottoman Empire and with Russia

Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. II [XVII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie

The work by L.E. Semionova entitled „The Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia. The end of the 14th and beginning of the 19th centuries. (Sketches of the history of foreign policy). Moscow, 2006” is on the list of books relating to the history of the Danube principalities recently published in Russia. The book contains sketches written by the author at different times.

One of the larger sketches is dedicated to the problem of „capitulation” and relations of the Danube Principalities with the Ottoman Empire.

The author proceeds from the biased opinion that Muslim canons forbid to sign Capitulation agreements conferring rights and privileges. Based on this opinion, the author of the book simply ignores abundant sources which testify to the existence of such documents concerning the Danube Principalities as well as other countries, though
the author states that she used all the known sources.

Attempt of the author made to solve the question about the Origin of Capitulation based on unpublished sources of the 18th c. from the Russian archives was doomed to failure beforehand, inasmuch „capitulations” practically appear at the same time as Islam.

In fact, the author tried to establish the appearance of the forged „capitulation” texts relating to the Danube Principalities. However her arguments that these texts couldn’t appear before or after the Focsani Congress are unconvincing. And the general conclusion that these texts were drawn up in the last decades of the 18th century is known as early as the beginning of the 20th century.

Several sketches of the book are dedicated to the relations of the Danube Principalities with Russia in the 17th and beginning of the 19th centuries. Trying to cover the question of the formation of the pro-Russian orientation of the local boyars, especially in Moldavia, L.E. Semionova follows some of the Soviet authors of the 50ies of the 20th. As a matter of fact, material produced by the author was compared with other sources that testify to the most likely “pro-Christian” orientation of the Moldavian politicians and their assurances to form part of Russia or be under its patronage relate to tactics and strategy. Their true intentions lied in preservation of their State system and abolition of the Ottoman suzerainty. The book also contains a number of contradictory conclusions and factual mistakes.

Proceeding from the foregoing, unfortunately the book published in 2006 does not reflect the contemporary scientific opinion on the many subjects under discussion. That’s why this book can’t serve as a valuable basis for further scientific research.

Ion Eremia
Documente Bucovinene, vol. VII / Teodor Balan, Iași, TAIDA, 2005, XX p. + 318 p.; vol VIII, XVI p. +234 p. - vol. IX, Iași, TAIDA, 2006, XII p. + 164 p.
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. II [XVII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Ion Eremia
Mihai Maxim, O istorie a relațiilor româno-otomane, cu documente noi din arhivele turcești. Vol. I. Perioada clasică (1400-1600), Brăila: Editura Istros a Muzeului Brăilei, 2012, 606 p. ISBN 978-606-654-026-1
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VIII [XXIII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Ion Eremia
”One of forty sobols” – bag of sobols that included 40 sables?
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. IV [XIX], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Ion Eremia
Ioan Horga, Sorin Şipoș, De la „Mica" la „Marea Europă". Mărturii franceze de la sfârșitul secolului al XIX-lea despre frontiera răsăriteană a Europei. Studii și documente. Traducerea textelor Delia-Maria Radu. Oradea, Editura Universității din Oradea, 2006
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. I [XVI], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Ion Eremia
Political and Legal Status of Tara Moldovei in a New Historical Source – Moldovan Chronicle of Cracovia
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. III [XVIII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie



 

 

Independent Moldova
Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
Bessarabia and MASSR between the Two World Wars
Bessarabia and Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the Period between the Two World Wars
Revival of National Movement
Time of Reforms and their Consequences
Abolition of Autonomy. Bessarabia – a New Tsarist Colony
Period of Relative Autonomy of Bessarabia within the Russian Empire
Phanariot Regime
Golden Age of the Romanian Culture
Struggle for Maintaining of Independence of Moldova
Formation of Independent Medieval State of Moldova
Era of the
Great Nomad Migrations
Early Middle Ages
Iron Age and Antiquity
Bronze Age
Aeneolithic Age
Neolithic Age
Palaeolithic Age
  
  

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#Exhibit of the Month

One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly...

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2024 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

 



The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2024 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2024 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC