One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly. The telegraph spread very quickly and a network of wires stretched around the world.
In 1837, the American painter and physicist Samuel Morse invented the first electromagnetic device for telegraphy, patented in 1840. To send messages by wire, Morse developed in 1838 a simple code of dots and dashes, which represented the letters of the alphabet, known as "Morse code ".
Both Morse code and the telegraph machine were improved over time, with the telegraph becoming the most widespread system of communication and information transmission for more than a century, until the advent of the Internet. The telegraph system consisted of a series of stations repeaters along the transmission line route. Each station had an operator who received and transmitted messages by telegraph. The Morse machine transmitted about 25 words per minute, which were recorded in code on a paper tape. The operator in charge of transmitting the message would decode it and write it on paper using a special typewriter.
In Bessarabia, the telegraph entered in 1860: on April 8, the Bender telegraph station began its activity, and on April 24, the one in Chisinau, following the construction of the first Odesa-Chisinau-Leova telegraph line. Currently, telegraph services have been discontinued. The only ones who still use coded communication are radio amateurs.
The Morse telegraph machine shown comes from the Osinoostrovsky electrotechnical plant, Soviet Union, and dates back to 1934. The exhibit was restored by Mihail Culașco.
Playbills from the collection of the National Museum of Archaeology and History of Moldova
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VI [XXI], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
This paper is the result of a research of the collection of playbills from the National Museum of Archaeology andHistory of Moldova. The majority of playbills refers to the modern period (1941-2910) and reflects mainly the activity of national theaters, while playbills of provincial theaters are in a very small number (a few copies). It was found the total lack of playbills of 1918-1940, although it is known that in the interwar period in Bessarabia there were theaters. Depending on the form and content, the playbills were distributed by us in three categories. Playbills of the first category include the standard elements: name of the theatre, name of the play, director, producer, and composer, at times even distribution of roles, date and place of performance, the address of printing house. The second category of playbills includes complex information: together with the names of the author and the actors there are images of scenes from the performance. The third category of playbills combines the elements of the first and second categories: some of them include scenes from the performance, the others – only the names of the ac- tors and authors. The same category includes playbills with images of main actors and famous authors.
List of Illustrations: 1. Playbill. The opera “A Singer from Palermo”, libretto by B. Buchbinder. Tour of the operetta troupe of the Odessa Russian Theatre at the B. Grossman’s Theatre in Chișinău, 1897. 2. Playbill. The play “Sentimental Waltz” by O. Litovsky. The Chișinău Russian Drama Theatre, 1941. 3. Playbill. The opera “Madame Butterfly” by G. Puccini. The Moldavian Opera and Drama Theatre, 1947. 4. Playbill. The play “Much Ado About Nothing” by W. Shakespeare. The Moldavian State Academic Music and Drama Theatre named after A. S. Pushkin, 1983. 5. Playbill. The opera “La Traviata” by G. Verdi. Tour of the soloist of the National Opera of Slovakia (Bratislava) Sidonia Goleakova in Chișinău, 1984. 6. Playbill. The play “Doina” by I. Druță. Tour of the Moldavian State Academic Music and Drama Theatre named after A. S. Pushkin at the Maly Theatre in Moscow, 1985. 7. Poster. The All-Union Festival “Ion Druta and Contemporary Theater”, Chișinău, 1988. 8. Playbill. The performance “Danila Prepeleac” by I. Creangă. The “Licurici” Republican Theatre, 1985. 9. Playbill. The performance “The Story of Petrișor” by P. Cărare și Gh. Urschi. The “Licurici” Republican Theatre, 1990s. 10. Playbill. The repertoire of the Tambov Dramatic Theater named after A. Lunacharsky on tour in Chișinău, 1982. 10. Playbill. The play “The Bald Soprano” by E. Ionesco. The “Eugene Ionesco” Theatre, 1990s. 11. Playbill. The play “The Loveliest Afternoon Of the Year” by John Guare. The “Eugene Ionesco” Theatre, 1990s. 12. Playbill. The play “The Sisters-in-Law” by Michel Tremblaу. The “M. Eminescu” National Theater, 1990s. 13. Playbill. The performance “What is human life” by A. Arkanov. The “Satiricus I.L. Caragiale “ Theatre, 1990s. 14. Playbill. The opera “Madame Butterfly” by G. Puccini. The Opera and Ballet Theatre, 1990s. 15. Playbill. The performance “Field Flowers” by C. Condrea. The Rybnitsa People’s Theater, 1961. 16. Playbill. The performance “The Lazy Daughter-in-Law”. The Taraclia People’s Theatre, (undated).
Vera Stăvilă
The history of the Bessarabian Belle Arte School and Society
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. II [XVII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Vera Stăvilă
Post-war social poster as a means of public information (from the collections of the National Museum of History of Moldova)
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. XIV [XXIX], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Vera Stăvilă
Soviet propaganda posters of the Second World War in collections of the National Museum of History of Moldova
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. X [XXV], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Vera Stăvilă
Contribution to the study of the activity of the Chișinău orphanage “Children’s home”
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. I [XVI], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie Chișinău, 2007
Vera Stăvilă
The National Theater „Vasile Alecsandri” from Bălți: historical retrospective
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. IV [XIX], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
