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#Exhibit of the Month

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German porcelain is highly prized among antique collectors for its exceptional material quality, originality, and the meticulous craftsmanship of its decorative design.
The museum's collection preserves five figurines from one of the oldest porcelain manufactories in the Thuringia region of Germany - the statuary group known as *"The Musicians"*, crafted at the Volkstedt manufactory. These pieces entered the museum's holdings in 1991, acquired from a resident of Chișinău. With undeniable historical and artistic value, they bear the distinct imprint of the Rococo style.
The Volkstedt manufactory has a long-standing tradition in producing figurines, including those depicting musicians. In 1760, Georg Heinrich Macheleid - inventor of hard-paste porcelain in Thuringia - founded a production workshop in Zitzendorf, which was relocated to Volkstedt in 1762. Macheleid led the manufactory until 1764. Over time, the factory changed ownership and management multiple times. Under the direction of Christian Nonne, it flourished between 1767 and 1797, a period marked by significant artistic development. Volkstedt began creating figurines that would later gain international recognition.
It was during this flourishing period that the museum's porcelain statuettes, titled *"The Musicians"*, were produced. They depict five “putti”: four playing musical instruments (flute, mandolin, horn, and pipe), while the fifth conducts. Each figurine is entirely handcrafted - from modeling to painting - and delicately adorned with pastel tones and gilded details, capturing the playful movement and refined artistry of each musician. The base is made of mass-colored porcelain in a rare grey-green hue. The contrast between green, white, and gold accents lends the ensemble an unusually delicate appearance. These ornamental features are characteristic of the Rococo style, which emerged in France and is closely associated with the reign of King Louis XV.
The mark applied to the figurines consists of two crossed forks, clearly rendered in underglaze blue, with slightly blurred paint - a detail that helps date their production. Because the crossed forks often resembled the crossed swords of the Meissen trademark, the Volkstedt manufactory was compelled to change its mark starting in 1787. Initially represented by a single fork, the mark briefly returned to two forks before being replaced in 1800 by the graphic symbol "R", referencing the town of Rudolstadt. Therefore, the brief period during which the two-fork mark was reinstated - and during which the museum's figurines were likely produced - is estimated to be between 1787 and 1800.

The statuettes range in height from 10 to 18 cm and are preserved in relatively good condition.

These late 18th-century German porcelain pieces, now on display, are exceptionally rare. They stand as true works of art by German craftsmen and serve as important historical testimonies to the evolution of porcelain manufacturing in Germany.

Virtual Tour


Exhibitions

“Costești – the town of craftsmen on Botna River”

(dedicated to the 65th anniversary from the first systematic archaeological excavations)

26 September - 18 December 2019

 
Costești archaeological site is one of the most important medieval complexes in the area between Prut and Nistru Rivers. For the first time the settlement situated in the meadow of the Botna River and the fortress located to the north of the medieval town, were published in 1924 by historian Ștefan Ciobanu. Ten years later, in 1934, Teodor Porucic conducted the first excavations at Costești. In the post-war years, archaeological surveys in the perimeter of the earth fortification at Costești-Gârlea and the surrounding area were conducted by archaeologists G.D. Smirnov, G.B. Fedorov, Em. Rikman. In 1954, archaeological excavations were carried out in the area of the urban settlement and the earth citadel which resulted with important clarifications regarding the extent and cultural and chronological aspects of the Costești-Gârlea complex. Other ground surveys were carried out by Nicolae Chetraru in 1956.

Important are the excavations conducted by L.L. Polevoi in 1957 and 1959 at the site of Costești. The researcher presented the results of his study in two academic reports, a few articles and one monograph. In the years 1978-1979, Ecaterina Abîzova resumed the excavations at the settlement dated with the 14th century from Costești-Gârlea, both in the craft sector and in the precinct of the settlement situated in the Botna River meadow. Rescue excavations at the medieval town from Costești were conducted in 1993 by archaeologists N. Telnov and T. Reaboi. Important works were carried out in 2005 by researchers A. Gorodenco and N. Russev, however the results of their research still remains unpublished. The most recent important archaeological excavations, a rescue campaign, at the medieval settlement of Costești-Gârlea were undertaken in 2016-2019 by the National Archaeological Agency.

In conclusion, in the period between 1934 and 2019, a total of 10 archaeological excavation campaigns were organized in Costești. All these studies, however, had more of a salvage character, were limited and far from providing sufficient data to elucidate the overall problems. Archaeological research has shown that the medieval town from Costești-Gârlea consisted of several sectors, some representing real neighborhoods comprising, among others, public buildings, stone or brick houses provided with a system of water supply through ceramic pipes, also deep dwellings, different craft workshops, and other structures. At the periphery of the settlement were identified two (?) cemeteries with burial tombs, a funeral crypt or a mausoleum, and near the town - two fortified sites, whose chronology and significance are not yet sufficiently clarified.

On the occasion of the 65th anniversary of systematic research at Costești, the National Museum of History of Moldova comes to the public with an exhibition in which are presented a series of objects that have been discovered during the archaeological excavations. Most of them were restored by the specialists of the National Museum of History of Moldova. The originality of the exhibition is that most of the pieces are exhibited for the first time, although they were previously researched and made known to the academic world through different publications. The exhibition includes also a series of images that reflect the process of archaeological research, a few general views of the site and a map.

The exhibition is structured in four sections:
I. Domestic clay pots and household remains;
II. Household metal objects;
III. Coins and adornments;
IV. Construction materials and aqueduct fragments.

In the first section are displayed several clay pots represented by enameled ceramic pots of different colors, spindles, candlesticks, dish holders, etc.

The second section is dedicated to craft objects made of metal. These include several knives, nails and horseshoes, a large metal vessel.

The following section presents a lot of pieces of adornment, especially buckles and rings, discovered on the site, probably of local production. In this section are exhibited coin issues from Costești - Gârlea, minted in the workshop from Costești, as well as other coin types coming from other countries which were discovered on the site, but also some money boxes.

In the fourth section are included different types of construction materials: simple and glazed bricks, but also pipes from the aqueduct or sewage.

The opening of the exhibition was Thursday, 26 September, 2019.

Organizer:
National Museum of History of Moldova

Partners:
National Archaeological Agency
Collector Petru Costin

Curators:
Dr. Anuța Boldureanu, Dr. Ion Tentiuc


 




Independent Moldova
Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
Bessarabia and MASSR between the Two World Wars
Bessarabia and Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the Period between the Two World Wars
Revival of National Movement
Time of Reforms and their Consequences
Abolition of Autonomy. Bessarabia – a New Tsarist Colony
Period of Relative Autonomy of Bessarabia within the Russian Empire
Phanariot Regime
Golden Age of the Romanian Culture
Struggle for Maintaining of Independence of Moldova
Formation of Independent Medieval State of Moldova
Era of the
Great Nomad Migrations
Early Middle Ages
Iron Age and Antiquity
Bronze Age
Aeneolithic Age
Neolithic Age
Palaeolithic Age
  
  

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#Exhibit of the Month

German porcelain is highly prized among antique collectors for its exceptional material quality, originality, and the meticulous craftsmanship of its decorative design...

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2025 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

 



The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2025 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2025 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC