#Exhibit of the Month

Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany.

Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History.

The typewriter features a standard carriage mounted on ball bearings and rollers, along with a keyboard equipped with 42 keys. These contain two complete sets of Latin and Cyrillic alphabets, punctuation marks, numbers, and mathematical symbols, enabling the typing of 126 characters. Beneath the metal casing, the type bars are arranged in a fan-like pattern, holding embossed characters and ink ribbon rollers. When the keys are pressed, the type bars strike the inked ribbon, imprinting characters onto the paper tensioned in the machine's roller system.

The side panels are elegantly decorated with refined cast-iron elements in the Art Nouveau style, displaying the brand name - "Ideal." The Polyglott model, featuring a bilingual keyboard patented in the United Kingdom by Max Klaczko from Riga, Latvia, was produced between 1902 and 1913, marking the first typewriter capable of writing in two languages. The "Ideal Polyglott" typewriter was actively sold in the Russian Empire and gained significant popularity in Poland, Bulgaria, and Serbia.
The typewriter - a mechanical device used for printing text directly onto paper - ranks among the most important inventions of the modern era, as it revolutionized communication. From the late 19th century to the early 21st century, it became an indispensable tool, widely used by writers, in offices, for business correspondence, and in private homes. The peak of typewriter sales occurred in the 1950s when the average annual sales in the United States reached 12 million units. In November 2012, the British Brother factory produced what it claimed to be the last typewriter, which was donated to the Science Museum in London.
The advent of computers, word processing software, printers, and the decreasing cost of these technologies led to the typewriter's disappearance from the mainstream market, turning it into a museum exhibit.
June 23 marks Typewriter Day, commemorating the date when American journalist and inventor Christopher Latham Sholes patented his typewriter. This day celebrates the simple yet revolutionary device that has become history, as well as the remarkable literary achievements it has enabled since 1868.

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Publications

Library „Tyragetia"

Elena Ploșnița

Museum. Museumification of the immovable cultural heritage

Biblioteca „Tyragetia” XXXIV, Chișinău, 2021, 232 p. ISBN 978-9975-80-903-0; 978-9975-166-26-3

A museum is one of the oldest cultural institutions. Over time, the concept of a museum has undergone many changes, the institution being approached from different points of view. Today, the concept of a museum is the subject of extensive debate in the world of museum professionals. New approaches and interpretations related to the mission and vision of a museum are proposed, new models of museum institutions appear. A museum is becoming an indispensable cultural institution for a modern society that preserves and develops the heritage. The development is a universal way of preserving cultural heritage, contributing to tolerance and cohesion in society. The level of development of the heritage also determines the level of development of the society. Effective development of the heritage is achieved through museumification. Museumification leads to the promotion of monuments, their successful use for educational purposes, complex study, interdisciplinary approach and amplification of the process of knowledge and awareness of the need to protect them. The subject of this book is the preservation and optimal development of cultural heritage through museumification, in order to sustain the development of society, the spiritual development of people. The approach to this topic starts from the belief that such research is necessary and can be useful. Museumification is seen as a tool for the protection and development of immovable cultural heritage. This paper presents an important page in the history of national culture, concerning museums and museumification, heritage and heritageization. The topic touched upon here, we believe, relates to museology, heritage science, the areas that are complex, but important for national culture. Museumification is a complex process involving the transformation of cultural and natural heritage into museum objects with the aim of maximizing their preservation, revealing their historical, cultural, scientific, artistic value, and for their promotion. Museumification is considered as an optimal way to protect and relay the socio-cultural experience through the use of memorial houses, archaeological sites, religious monuments, literary and memorial complexes. The process of museumification in the Republic of Moldova is presented in the paper in historical dynamics, in various forms in which it manifested itself - as a museum activity, as a way of preserving and using historical monuments, and as an important factor in the development of the museum system and museography in general. The work includes three chapters with a complex documentary and bibliographic basis.

CONTENTS

Preface (by Liliana Condraticova)

A book about museum and museumification (by Ioan Opriș)

Argument

I. MUSEUM INSTITUTION. PROFESSIONALIZATION OF THE MUSEOGRAPHIC FIELD

I.1. About a museum
I.2. National and international organizations as important tools in forming the professional community
I.3. Professional training of museographers
I.4. Specialized press in the professional communication system
I.5. Professionalization standards: Code of ethics
I.6. Accreditation of museums as a new stage in the professionalization of the museographic field

II. MUSEUMS AND HISTORIC MONUMENTS IN THE INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE SYSTEM

II.1. Institutional structures dedicated to museums
II.2. Museum institution. Legislative aspects
II.3. The contemporary museum between tradition and modernity
II.4. Heritage and heritageization
II.5. Historical monuments in the institutional system
II.6. Legislation regarding historical monuments

III. MUSEUMIFICATION OF IMMOVABLE HERITAGE

III.1. The grammar of the museumification of cultural heritage
III.2. Muzeumification of memorial houses
III.3. Museum and church: problems of museumification
III.4. Archeology and the museumification process
III.5. Museumification of medieval fortresses
III.6. Museumification of historical sites

CONCLUSION

Bibliography

List of abbreviations

Abstract

Резюме

Annexes

Index of proper names

Index of museums

Index of historical monuments