#Exhibit of the Month

One of the great technical achievements that revolutionized the idea of time and space, opening a new era in the history of communication, is telegraphy. It is based on the transmission of electrical signals through a cable over long distances, allowing people to communicate instantly. The telegraph spread very quickly and a network of wires stretched around the world.

In 1837, the American painter and physicist Samuel Morse invented the first electromagnetic device for telegraphy, patented in 1840. To send messages by wire, Morse developed in 1838 a simple code of dots and dashes, which represented the letters of the alphabet, known as "Morse code ".

Both Morse code and the telegraph machine were improved over time, with the telegraph becoming the most widespread system of communication and information transmission for more than a century, until the advent of the Internet. The telegraph system consisted of a series of stations repeaters along the transmission line route. Each station had an operator who received and transmitted messages by telegraph. The Morse machine transmitted about 25 words per minute, which were recorded in code on a paper tape. The operator in charge of transmitting the message would decode it and write it on paper using a special typewriter.

In Bessarabia, the telegraph entered in 1860: on April 8, the Bender telegraph station began its activity, and on April 24, the one in Chisinau, following the construction of the first Odesa-Chisinau-Leova telegraph line. Currently, telegraph services have been discontinued. The only ones who still use coded communication are radio amateurs.

The Morse telegraph machine shown comes from the Osinoostrovsky electrotechnical plant, Soviet Union, and dates back to 1934. The exhibit was restored by Mihail Culașco.

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Events Archive

Scientific Conference "Liturgical Standard of Stephen the Great"

August 25, 2011

The conference highlighted scientific concept of the exhibition "Liturgical Standard of Stephen the Great" (held in Chisinau on August 27 to September 10), addressing the main historical, artistic and conservation issues on the flag. There were presented the following communications:

1) Dr. Ernest Oberländer-Târnoveanu (National Museum of History of Romania, Bucharest). Troubled History of "Discovery" of the Liturgical Standard of Stephen the Great in the Zograf Monastery (Mount Athos);

2) Dr. hab. Paul Parasca (Free International University of Moldova, Chisinau). Saint George - Patron of the Army of the Medieval Moldavian State;

3) Dr. Petre Guran ("Mihai Eminescu" Romanian Cultural Institute in Chisinau). From Standard to Icon: Introduction to the Prayer of Stephen the Great;

4) Acad. Andrei Eșanu, Valentina Eșanu (Institute of History, State and Law of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Chisinau). Sword of Stephen the Great - a Symbol of Royal Power;

5) Cornel Ilie Constantin (National Museum of History of Romania, Bucharest). 1917-1919: Recovery and Repatriation of the Liturgical Standard of Stephen the Great from Mount Athos;

6) Dr. Silviu Tabac (Institute of Cultural Heritage of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Chisinau). The Problem of Interpretation in Romanian Historiography of the Flag Given by Stephen the Great to the Zograf Monastery;

7) Dr. Oana Ilie, Alexandra Mărășoiu (National Museum of History of Romania, Bucharest). The 43^rd Year of Stephen the Great's Reign - the Year of Completion of Work on the Liturgical Standard of Zograf Monastery (12 April 1499 - 11 April 1500).

Organizers: Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Moldova, Ministry of Culture and National Heritage of Romania, National Museum of Archaeology and History of Moldova, National Museum of History of Romania and the "Mihai Eminescu" Romanian Cultural Institute.