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#Exhibit of the Month

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The 21 beads form part of a bronze hoard found in 2019 within a forested area close to the town of Nisporeni. Alongside the beads, the hoard included numerous bronze ornaments (2 Röschitz-Sanislău-type fibulae, 7 necklaces, 12 rings, 22 tubes, 23 bracelets, and approximately 80 appliqués), one coral bead and a pendant made from a wild animal's tooth. At present, the amber beads are preserved in the collections of the Muzeul Național de Istorie a Moldovei, while the remainder of the hoard is in the possession of a private collector.
The hoard was discovered accidentally in a pit about 50 cm deep. The objects in this hoard are of Western origin, with known parallels in archaeological complexes from Poland, Hungary, Serbia, and Slovakia, and, to a lesser extent, in Romania. The presence of this bronze hoard on the territory of the Republic of Moldova illustrates the cultural dynamics of the region during the Early Iron Age and a fundamental shift in the vector of cultural influences from east to west.
The amber bead strand comprises 16 whole beads and five fragmentary ones. They have an elongated biconical shape and vary in size. The beads are brown-reddish in color; their lengths range from 1.1 to 3.1 cm, widths from 0.6 to 1.4 cm, thicknesses from 0.6 to 1.1 cm, and the perforation diameter ranges between 0.2 and 0.3 cm.
Amber beads appear in several bronze hoards dated to the Late Bronze Age in the eastern half of Slovakia and in Transdanubian Hungary. Parallels are also known from the Cioclovina Cave in Romania. With the onset of the Iron Age, amber items disappear from the Carpathian Basin for approximately 300 years, reappearing alongside the arrival of Scythian elements.
The bronze hoard discovered at Nisporeni is dated to the HaA2-HaB1-2 interval (1050/1000 - 800/750 B.C.).

Virtual Tour




Marial icon collection of the National Museum of History of Moldova (17th-20th centuries)

Marial icon collection of the National Museum of History of Moldova (17th-20th centuries)

Series “Albums” II, Chisinau, 2014. 200 p. ISBN 978-9975-80-902-3.

The text of the publication starts with an Introduction with general notions about what icons are, what are their messages, their symbolic language and which are their role in society, church and a museum collection, arguing how important is the valorification of an icon collection and what opportunities open with its publication.

In Chapter I with the title From the history of making the marial icon collection of the National Museum of History of Moldova. Variety of composition, materials and techniques we present in detail the ways in which the collection was formed, noting, in this context, the transfers from other museums, from the customs and police departments. We mention here icons that entered into the museum heritage through acquisitions and donations, substantially completing the collection of local icons. In this chapter we also presented the origin and structure of the collection, commenting in detail the place of origin and icon chronology and the many marial compositions. While highlighting theological types, we mentioned symbolic iconography and subjects inspired by revelatory experiences of the protagonists. Then follow detailed description of icon wood and painting base modeling techniques, we paid attention to inscriptions on their front and back sides, emphasizing the importance of these messages in establishing icon typology, chronology, in knowing name of the painter, engraver and of the person who ordered the icon or where the icon was kept etc. We mentioned icons respecting iconographic rules and those where they were less respected, stressing the skill of craftsmen who have allowed themselves the freedom of artistic expression.

Chapter II. Icons of the Holly Virgin form the Collection of the National Museum of History of Moldova. Classifications and iconographic reference. Icon identification reflects a complete description of these heritage objects. This section describes the methods that have helped identify anonymous icons or with incorrect title. For some Russian and Ukrainian icons the title has been adjusted based on the meanings and theological content of the compositions. These clarifications required thorough and dedicated involvement that contributed to a rigorous presentation of the collection with precious information to those interested in knowing the rich content of this collection.

A particular aspect of the research was the typological classification of icons, their systematization, with given priority to early icons that have served as models for later compositions. We start with topics that reflect the Virgin Holidays (Birth of the Virgin, the Mother of God in the Church, the Annunciation of Virgin Mary and Assumption of Virgin Mary) and general main types - Panakranta, Oranta, Hodighitria and Eleusa, then we continue with symbolic representations evoking homiletic texts and those inspired by revelatory experiences of central characters. Given the presence of several icons in the collection of the same type, we decided to classify icons into iconographic categories according to chronological criteria, giving the opportunity to the reader to follow the evolution of iconographic compositions, their stylistic and artistic peculiarities.

Next comes the repertoire of icons with photos and general descriptions. The presence in the collection of a variety of iconographic types motivated us to describe in general lines the famous models that influenced the development of other icons. Also, in descriptions is indicated the day each icon is celebrated by the Orthodox Church.

The icons are numbered from 1 to 172. Description of each icon contains information about: 1. Provenance, chronology, author. Indication of the country of origin and the time of the icon, name of the painter and engraver. If the icon is not signed, we use the phrase "anonymous painter." 2. Material, technique, dimensions. Determination of what the icon is made of - cloth, wood, metal, gold leaf and which is the icon painting technique - oil, tempera, engraving, enamel, pearl. Information about the width, length and thickness of the support. If the icon contains coffer, information about its dimensions and integrated frame is given. 3. Number of inventory, method of holding. FB is used for icons stored in the basic fund of the museum collection, while FA is used for the auxiliary fund. Information on how the piece entered the icon collection, date and place of transfer, donation or (and) purchase. For many icons there is no data about the place they were kept before reaching the museum collection, therefore under heading referring to holding is indicated their last owner. 4. Conservation. Detailed description of icon condition, degradation degree of the support and of painting layer. 5. Earlier restorations. It is indicated if there are traces of earlier restoration works. If so, is mentioned the name of the restorer, date and institution where the intervention took place. 6. Bibliography. Indication about the time and place where the icon was mentioned. 7. Original inscriptions. Mentions about inscriptions found on icons, stressing their importance in determining iconographic subjects and represented characters. 8. Chromatics. Specification about color range of background, garments and figures.

Then follows a presentation of icon composition with given priority to the description of prototypes, mention of background and architecture, remarks about symbolic expressions and stylistic peculiarities.

The Abstract in Russian and English provides a general description of the collection of icons from the heritage of the National Museum of History of Moldova with mention of all methods of creation, classification and ordering of icons, particularities in making the wood base, technical execution of color layers and all research methods used for elaborating the collection description.

The typological classification along with the history of iconography and elaboration of the present catalogue - all required a lot of names and concepts. In a separate section is included the critical apparatus provided with an Abbreviations list which includes the abbreviations used, a Glossary with explanations, a useful Name index to facilitate the search of topics and a baseline and selective Bibliography, with approximately 170 listed titles.










 

 

Independent Moldova
Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
Bessarabia and MASSR between the Two World Wars
Bessarabia and Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the Period between the Two World Wars
Revival of National Movement
Time of Reforms and their Consequences
Abolition of Autonomy. Bessarabia – a New Tsarist Colony
Period of Relative Autonomy of Bessarabia within the Russian Empire
Phanariot Regime
Golden Age of the Romanian Culture
Struggle for Maintaining of Independence of Moldova
Formation of Independent Medieval State of Moldova
Era of the
Great Nomad Migrations
Early Middle Ages
Iron Age and Antiquity
Bronze Age
Aeneolithic Age
Neolithic Age
Palaeolithic Age
  
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Over 2500 pieces made of precious metals with historic, artistic and symbolic value
  

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#Exhibit of the Month

The 21 beads form part of a bronze hoard found in 2019 within a forested area close to the town of Nisporeni. Alongside the beads, the hoard included numerous bronze ornaments (2 Röschitz-Sanislău-type fibulae, 7 necklaces, 12 rings, 22 tubes, 23 bracelets, and approximately 80 appliqués), one coral bead and a pendant made from a wild animal's tooth...

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2026 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

 



The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2026 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2026 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC