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#Exhibit of the Month

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Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany.

Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History.

The typewriter features a standard carriage mounted on ball bearings and rollers, along with a keyboard equipped with 42 keys. These contain two complete sets of Latin and Cyrillic alphabets, punctuation marks, numbers, and mathematical symbols, enabling the typing of 126 characters. Beneath the metal casing, the type bars are arranged in a fan-like pattern, holding embossed characters and ink ribbon rollers. When the keys are pressed, the type bars strike the inked ribbon, imprinting characters onto the paper tensioned in the machine's roller system.
The side panels are elegantly decorated with refined cast-iron elements in the Art Nouveau style, displaying the brand name - "Ideal." The Polyglott model, featuring a bilingual keyboard patented in the United Kingdom by Max Klaczko from Riga, Latvia, was produced between 1902 and 1913, marking the first typewriter capable of writing in two languages. The "Ideal Polyglott" typewriter was actively sold in the Russian Empire and gained significant popularity in Poland, Bulgaria, and Serbia.
The typewriter - a mechanical device used for printing text directly onto paper - ranks among the most important inventions of the modern era, as it revolutionized communication. From the late 19th century to the early 21st century, it became an indispensable tool, widely used by writers, in offices, for business correspondence, and in private homes. The peak of typewriter sales occurred in the 1950s when the average annual sales in the United States reached 12 million units. In November 2012, the British Brother factory produced what it claimed to be the last typewriter, which was donated to the Science Museum in London.
The advent of computers, word processing software, printers, and the decreasing cost of these technologies led to the typewriter's disappearance from the mainstream market, turning it into a museum exhibit.
June 23 marks Typewriter Day, commemorating the date when American journalist and inventor Christopher Latham Sholes patented his typewriter. This day celebrates the simple yet revolutionary device that has become history, as well as the remarkable literary achievements it has enabled since 1868.

Virtual Tour




Evolution of the habitat in the Saharna micro-zone in the Iron Age

Evolution of the habitat in the Saharna micro-zone in the Iron Age

Biblioteca “Tyragetia” XXVII, Chișinău, 2016, 464 p. ISBN 978-9975-80-903-0; 978-9975-160-0.

The monograph presents the results of the archaeological investigations carried out in 2008-2016 in the Saharna micro-zone, Rezina District, Republic of Moldova. There are published exhaustively the objects from the sites of Saharna Mare / “Dealul Mănăstirii”, Saharna Mică and Saharna “La Şanț” researched by the means of systematic archaeological excavations, as well as the results of the archaeological surveys carried out at the sites of Saharna “La Şanț” I, Saharna “La Şanț” II, Saharna “Dealul Grimidon”, Saharna “La Vile”, Saharna-ŢiglăuCetate”, Stohnaia III and Buciușca.

It also presents the diachronic evolution and significance of sites in the Saharna micro-zone during the Iron Age.

The work contains 464 pages of text, five tables, and 278 color and black and white figures.

 

CONTENTS 

INTRODUCTION  

SAHARNA MICRO-ZONE. GEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERIZATION (Marcel Revenco, Tudor Castraveț, Ionuț Cristi Nicu)

Chapter I. OPEN SETTLEMENTS AND FORTIFIED SITES ON THE  SAHARNA MARE PROMONTORY    

1. Archaeological research

2. Non-invasive investigations  (Andrei Asăndulesei)     

2.1. Topographic survey and 3-dimensional terrestrial laser scanning (TLS)  

2.2. Analysis of orthorectified images 

2.3. Magnetometric measurements       

3. The Saharna Mare / “Dealul Mănăstirii” settlement in the 12th-11th c. BC      

4. The Saharna Mare / “Dealul Mănăstirii” site in the 10th-9th c. BC       

4.1. The fortress            

4.1.1. The defensive system          

4.1.2. Dwelling, household, and worship complexes       

4.1.3. Archaeological findings      

4.2. The open settlement          

4.2.1. Household and worship complexes           

4.2.2. Archaeological findings      

5. The Saharna Mare / “Dealul Mănăstirii” settlement in the 8th-7th c. BC.         

6. The Saharna Mare fortress in the 6th-3rd c. BC 

6.1. The defensive system        

6.2. Dwelling and household complexes         

6.3. Archaeological findings    

7. Stratigraphy and chronology    

Chapter II. OPEN SETTLEMENTS AND FORTIFIED SITES ON THE  SAHARNA MICĂ PROMONTORY (Ion Niculiță, Tudor Arnăut , Andrei Nicic, Andrei Corobcean)        

1. Archaeological research

2. The site at the end of the 12th c. and in the 11th c. BC

2.1. Complexes 

2.2. Archaeological findings    

3. The fortress from the 7th c. to the end of the 3rd c. BC           

3.1. The defensive system        

3.2. Complexes 

3.3. Archaeological findings    

4. Stratigraphy and chronology    

Chapter III. SAHARNA “LA ŞANŢ” SITE      

1. Archaeological and magnetometric research   

2. Early Hallstattian settlement    

3. Thraco-Getic fortress    

3.1. The defensive system        

3.2. Complexes 

3.3. Archaeological findings    

4. Stratigraphy and chronology    

Chapter IV. THE IRON AGE SITES  IN THE SAHARNA MICRO-ZONE           

Chapter V. DIACHRONIC EVOLUTION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF SITES OF THE SAHARNA MICRO-ZONE        

CONCLUSIONS     

Catalog of inventory items 

Bibliography

List of Abbreviations          

Abstract        

List of Illustrations



 

 

Independent Moldova
Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
Bessarabia and MASSR between the Two World Wars
Bessarabia and Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the Period between the Two World Wars
Revival of National Movement
Time of Reforms and their Consequences
Abolition of Autonomy. Bessarabia – a New Tsarist Colony
Period of Relative Autonomy of Bessarabia within the Russian Empire
Phanariot Regime
Golden Age of the Romanian Culture
Struggle for Maintaining of Independence of Moldova
Formation of Independent Medieval State of Moldova
Era of the
Great Nomad Migrations
Early Middle Ages
Iron Age and Antiquity
Bronze Age
Aeneolithic Age
Neolithic Age
Palaeolithic Age
  
  

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#Exhibit of the Month

Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany. Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History...

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2025 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

 



The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2025 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2025 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC