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#Exhibit of the Month

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Bronze cauldrons of the Scythian time are rare in the Northern Black Sea region, especially on its western borders. Therefore, those few items found on the territory of the Republic of Moldova occupy a worthy place in the collection of the National Museum of History of Moldova (NMHM). In particular, in the archaeological exhibition, two bronze cauldrons are displayed, discovered near the village of Nicolscoe in 1988 in burial mounds no. 14 and 15. In addition, in 2020, two bronze cauldrons without any accompanying documents were found in the collection of NMHM; however, they were visually identified as coming from various excavations in the Low Dniester region, such as burial mound no. 45 near Dubăsari and burial mound no. 1 near the Răscăieții Noi village.

The object presented as the exhibit of the month is a little-known find discovered in 1979 in barrow 1 near the village of Răscăieții Noi in the Ștefan Vodă district. In addition to its outstanding size (about 10 m high), this mound is known for discovering a cast bronze finial in the Scythian animal style on its surface in 1953. However, by the beginning of excavations, the locals had damaged part of the mound and a Scythian cast bronze cauldron was found near it. The cauldron was seriously damaged by mechanical impact, as a result of which the rim was deformed, and the walls, with one preserved vertical handle, were bent inwards. Fragments in the upper part of the body and one handle have been lost. The total reconstructed height of the cauldron is 24 cm (excluding the handles), the reconstructed diameter of the hemispherical cauldron is 30 cm, and the weight is 6.5 kg. In 2020, data on the chemical composition of the bronze cauldron alloy were obtained, revealing that it was cast from an alloy of almost 95 per cent copper. Unfortunately, due to the loss of information on the context of the discovery of the cauldron at Răscăieții Noi, it is impossible to link its discovery with one or another Scythian burial of the barrow. Moreover, the grave goods of other Scythian burials of Barrow 1 do not allow them to date below the 4th century BC. However, the cauldron with vertical handles from Răscăieții Noi most likely belongs earlier. This may be indicated by a bronze finial from the first half of the 5th century BC, which was found on this barrow in 1953. In addition, burial 7 from the nearest excavated barrow 2 at Răscăieții Noi, containing a plaque depicting a rolled predator (a copy of which is also on display at the NMHM), belongs to the mid- 5th century BC. Thus, there is a high probability that the cauldron from Barrow 1 at Răscăieții Noi is associated with the late Middle Scythian period or the mid-5th century BC.

Scythian bronze cauldrons in the west area are concentrated in three main regions: Bukovina-Podolia, the Lower Danube, and the Lower Dniester. Some Scythian cauldrons have no reliable archaeological context. Nevertheless, in combination with the same "stray" finds like the Scythian statues, the finds of Scythian cauldrons mark the Scythian presence, most likely not earlier than the late 6th century or even the turn of the 6th-5th centuries BC. The cauldrons first appeared in Bukovina, where they have been known since the middle of the 7th century BC. Bronze cauldrons (with their carriers) entered the steppe region 150-200 years later, and the "military" burials that appeared in the western steppe regions were no earlier than the middle of the 5th century BC. Most burials with cauldrons (and, apparently, the stray finds) are dated back to the second half of the 5th century BC. Then, in the early 4th century BC, their quantity was reduced, and after the first quarter of the 4th century BC, they completely disappeared from the cultural practice of the population of the steppes of the North-Western Black Sea region.

Virtual Tour




Poienești-Lucașeuca settlement and necropolis from Borosești (Iași county)

Poienești-Lucașeuca settlement and necropolis from Borosești (Iași county)

Biblioteca „Tyragetia” XXXII, Chişinău, 2020, 229 p. ISBN 978-9975-80-903-0; 978-9975-87-747-3.

Durch die Menge und den besonderen Wert der wissenschaftlichen Informationen, erweist sich der archäologische Fundplatz von Borosești (Landkreis Iași, Gemeinde Scânteia) als äußerst bedeutsam, um wichtige Probleme in Bezug auf die kulturhistorischen Zusammenhänge ab dem Ende des 1. Jhds. v. Chr. im ostkarpatischen Raum zu erkennen und aufzuklären.

In den Jahren 1968-1978 (mit kleinen Unterbrechungen) wurden die Siedlung und die Nekropole von Borosești von M. Babeș erforscht. Während drei Ausgrabungskampagnen (1968, 1970 und 1972) in der Siedlung, wurden vier Schnitte und sechs Kassetten erstellt. Dabei wurden die Überreste von drei (?) oberflächigen Bebauungen, sieben Gruben, sowie umfangreiches archäologisches Material freigelegt, die der Poienești-Lucașeuca-Kultur zugeschrieben werden.

Der Nekropole wurde mehr Aufmerksamkeit als der Siedlung zu Teil und in mehreren Ausgrabungen umfangreich erforscht. Während sechs archäologischer Kampagnen (1972-1974, 1976-1978) wurde eine Fläche von 2550 Quadratmetern untersucht und dabei die gesamte Nekropole (150 Gräber) freigelegt. In Boroseşti können zwei Arten von Gräbern unterschieden werden: Von den insgesamt 150 entdeckten Bestattungen sind 136 (90,66%) Urnengräber und 14 (9,34%) Grubengräber.

Die relative Chronologie von Borosești basiert hauptsächlich auf der Analyse der Entdeckungen auf dem Gräberfeld. In Anbetracht der Kombinationen von Inventarstücken wurden zwei Hauptgruppen von Gräbern unterschieden, die unserer Meinung nach zwei Bestattungsphasen entsprechen. Diese Etappen können mit den Phasen C2-D1 der Latène-Kultur in Mitteleuropa oder mit der ersten und zweiten Phase der jüngeren vorrömischen Eisenzeit nach R. Hachmann synchronisiert werden, die in absoluter Chronologie dem zweiten Viertel des 2. bis zur ersten Hälfte des 1. Jhd. v. Chr. entspricht.

In Bezug auf den Ursprung der Funde aus Borosești ist zu erwähnen, dass für die meisten von ihnen Analogien in Mitteleuropa zu finden sind. Das lässt vermuten, dass ab der zweiten Hälfte des 3. Jhd. v. Chr. die Bevölkerungsgruppen aus verschiedenen Regionen des Jastorf-Raums, insbesondere aus dem Elbe-Oder Gebiet, in mindestens drei archäologisch nachvollziehbaren Migrationsphasen nach Südosten gezogen sind und sich in der Karpaten-Dnjestrischen Waldsteppe niedergelassen haben. Die angestammte Bevölkerung, die in diesem Raum unterschiedliche Namen trugen, verloren im Zuge der Migration ihre alte Stammesidentität. Sie gruppierten sich in die neuen Gemeinschaften ein und wurden der griechischen und römischen Welt unter dem Gattungsnamen Bastarnen bekannt.

INHALTVERZEICHNIS

EINLEITUNG

I. DIE SIEDLUNG BEIM BOROSEȘTI
I.1. Umfang der Grabung
I.2. Stratigraphie
I.3. Beschreibung den Befunden der P-L-Kultur
I.4. Hütten und andere Befunde

II. DIE NEKROPOLE BEIM BOROSEȘTI
II.1. Fundkatalog
II.1.1. Gräber
II.1.2. Ritualische Gruben
II.1.3.Funde entdeckte passim
II.2. Bestattungssitten
II.3. Bestattungsrituale
II.4. Untersuchung der Ausstattungkombinationen

III FUNDMATERIAL
III.1. Keramik
III.1.1. Handgemachte Keramik
III.1.2. Drehscheibenkeramik
III.2. Eisen- und Holzbehälter
III.3. Werkzeuge und Geräte
III.3.1. Tongegenstände
III.3.2. Steingeräte
III.3.3. Gegenstände aus Metall
III.4. Kultgegenstände
III.5. Trachtgegenstände
III.6. Toilettengegenstände
III.7. Schmuckgegenstände
III.8. Waffen und Ausrüstungsgegenstände

IV CHRONOLOGIE
IV.1. Chronologie der Siedlung und der Nekropole
IV.2. Chronologische Beziehungen zur Chronologie der P-L-Kultur
IV.3. Chronologische Beziehungen zur Latène-Kultur
IV.4. Chronologische Beziehungen zu den „germanischen" Kulturen
IV.5. Die absolute Chronologie der Siedlung und der Nekropole

SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN

LITERATUR

Liste der Abbildungen und Tafeln

 




 

 

Independent Moldova
Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
Bessarabia and MASSR between the Two World Wars
Bessarabia and Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the Period between the Two World Wars
Revival of National Movement
Time of Reforms and their Consequences
Abolition of Autonomy. Bessarabia – a New Tsarist Colony
Period of Relative Autonomy of Bessarabia within the Russian Empire
Phanariot Regime
Golden Age of the Romanian Culture
Struggle for Maintaining of Independence of Moldova
Formation of Independent Medieval State of Moldova
Era of the
Great Nomad Migrations
Early Middle Ages
Iron Age and Antiquity
Bronze Age
Aeneolithic Age
Neolithic Age
Palaeolithic Age
  
  

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#Exhibit of the Month

Bronze cauldrons of the Scythian time are rare in the Northern Black Sea region, especially on its western borders. Therefore, those few items found on the territory of the Republic of Moldova occupy a worthy place in the collection of the National Museum of History of Moldova (NMHM)...

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2024 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

 



The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2024 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2024 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC