#Exhibit of the Month

Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany.

Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History.

The typewriter features a standard carriage mounted on ball bearings and rollers, along with a keyboard equipped with 42 keys. These contain two complete sets of Latin and Cyrillic alphabets, punctuation marks, numbers, and mathematical symbols, enabling the typing of 126 characters. Beneath the metal casing, the type bars are arranged in a fan-like pattern, holding embossed characters and ink ribbon rollers. When the keys are pressed, the type bars strike the inked ribbon, imprinting characters onto the paper tensioned in the machine's roller system.

The side panels are elegantly decorated with refined cast-iron elements in the Art Nouveau style, displaying the brand name - "Ideal." The Polyglott model, featuring a bilingual keyboard patented in the United Kingdom by Max Klaczko from Riga, Latvia, was produced between 1902 and 1913, marking the first typewriter capable of writing in two languages. The "Ideal Polyglott" typewriter was actively sold in the Russian Empire and gained significant popularity in Poland, Bulgaria, and Serbia.
The typewriter - a mechanical device used for printing text directly onto paper - ranks among the most important inventions of the modern era, as it revolutionized communication. From the late 19th century to the early 21st century, it became an indispensable tool, widely used by writers, in offices, for business correspondence, and in private homes. The peak of typewriter sales occurred in the 1950s when the average annual sales in the United States reached 12 million units. In November 2012, the British Brother factory produced what it claimed to be the last typewriter, which was donated to the Science Museum in London.
The advent of computers, word processing software, printers, and the decreasing cost of these technologies led to the typewriter's disappearance from the mainstream market, turning it into a museum exhibit.
June 23 marks Typewriter Day, commemorating the date when American journalist and inventor Christopher Latham Sholes patented his typewriter. This day celebrates the simple yet revolutionary device that has become history, as well as the remarkable literary achievements it has enabled since 1868.

Virtual Tour

Museum structure

Management

General Director of NMHM

Eugen Sava, Doctor Habilitat of Historical Sciences

Education:
• Department of History, SUM (1983);
• Institute of History of Material Culture of AS of USSR (1985-1988) – doctorate;

Thesis „Kultura mnogovalikovoj keramiki Dnestrovsko-Prutskogo mejdurečja (kul'turno-istoričeskaja charakteristika, chronologija i periodizacija)". 1989, Leningrad, URSS.

• State University of Moldova (2003) – doctor habilitat.

Thesis "Cultural-chronological interferences in the Late Bronze Age in the Carpathian-Dniester area (Noua-Sabatinovka cultural complex)". 2003. State University, Chisinau.

• Field of research: Prehistoric archaeology in the Carpathian-Dniester area
• Corresponding member of the German Institute of Archeology (Deutsches Arhaeologisches Institut), Berlin (2009)
• Honorary member of the Institute of Archeology of the Romanian Academy, Iasi (2010)

Tel.: +373 (22) 24 43 25
Email: office@nationalmuseum.md

Deputy Director for Collections

Elena Postica, Doctor of Historical Sciences

Education:
• Department of History, SUM (1976);
• Institute of History of ASM (1998) – doctorate.

Thesis for the degree of Ph.D.: “Anti-Soviet Resistance in the Moldavian SSR (1944-1950)”.

Tel.: +373 (22) 24 15 61
Email: elena.postica@nationalmuseum.md; epostica@yahoo.com

Deputy Director for Public Relations

Livia Ermurachi

• Education:Faculty of History and Ethnopedagogy of the State Pedagogical University „Ion Creanga” (2008-2010) - bachelor's / master's degree (2003-2010);

Tel.: +373 69 570 373
Email: livia.ermurachi@nationalmuseum.md

Project Director

Lilia Zabolotnaia, Doctor habilitate of Historical Sciences

Education:
• USM Faculty of History (1984);
• Institute of History of the ASM (1998) - PhD.

Doctoral thesis: "Formation and establishment of the urban market in Moldova at the end of the 16th century - the beginning of the 18th century"
Post-Doctoral thesis entitled "The status of women in medieval society in Moldova and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (XIV-XVII centuries). Comparative study"

Tel.: +373 (22) 24 43 25
Email: lilizab61@gmail.com

Chief Accountant

Angela Marchitan

Education: International Management Institute, Chisinau (2006)

Tel.: +373 (22) 23 82 69
Email: angela.marchitan@gmail.com

Departments

Curatorial Department

Head: Irina Goncharova

Education: State Pedagogical Institute named after Ion Creanga (1978)

Tel.: +373 (22) 23 82 82

Restoration Department

Head: Ecaterina Bondarenco

Education: Department of History, SUM (1980)

Tel.: +373 (22) 23 82 84

Department of Public Relations and Museum Education

Head: Natalia Popovici

Education: State Pedagogical University named after Ion Creanga (1992)

Tel.: +373 (22) 24 04 26
Email: natalia.popovici@nationalmuseum.md

Exhibition Department

Head: Victor Toi

Education: Department of History, SUM (1983)

Tel.: +373 (22) 24 13 48
Email: victsoi@rambler.ru

Informatics Department

Head: Lilia Calughin

Education: Department of Library Science and Bibliography, SUM (1992)

Tel.: +373 (22) 24 36 71
Email: lilia.calughin@nationalmuseum.md

Publications and editorial marketing Center

Head: Aurel Zanoci, Doctor of Historical Sciences

Education:
• Department of History, SUM (1991);
• State University of Moldova (1993-1996) – doctorate.

Thesis for the degree of Ph.D.: “The Getae-Dacian Fortifications in the Area outside the Carpathians in 6^th – 3^rd centuries B.C.”

Tel.: +373 (22) 23 82 79
Email: aurel.zanoci@nationalmuseum.md

Library and scientific archive

Head: Mariana Balan

Education:
• Department of Letters, SUM (1995);
• Department of Post-University Studies, SUM (1997)

Tel.: +373 (22) 24 36 69
Email: marilibr@mail.ru

Research Departments

Archaeology

Head: Gheorghe Postică, Dr. habil. in history, university lecturer

• Moldova State University, Faculty of History (1976), licentiate studies.
• M. V. Lomonosov State University in Moscow (1988), doctoral studies.

Ph.D. thesis: "Pottery of Central Moldova of the late 1st - early 2nd millennia AD as a historical source".

• Moldova State University (2006), postdoctoral studies.

Habilitation thesis: "Early medieval civilization of the Prut-Dniester region (5th-13th centuries)".

Tel.: +373 68 896 767
Email: gpostica@gmail.com

History and Museology

Head: Anuta Boldureanu, Doctor of Historical Sciences

Education:
• Department of History, SUM (1994);
• Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of ASM (2003) – doctorate.
Thesis for the degree of Ph.D.: “Ottoman Coin in Moldova (1512-1603)”

Tel.: +373 (22) 23 82 85
Email: anuta.boldureanu@nationalmuseum.md

#Exhibit of the Month

"Ideal" Mechanical Typewriter, Model A Polyglott

Museum structure

#Exhibit of the Month