Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany.
Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History.
The typewriter features a standard carriage mounted on ball bearings and rollers, along with a keyboard equipped with 42 keys. These contain two complete sets of Latin and Cyrillic alphabets, punctuation marks, numbers, and mathematical symbols, enabling the typing of 126 characters. Beneath the metal casing, the type bars are arranged in a fan-like pattern, holding embossed characters and ink ribbon rollers. When the keys are pressed, the type bars strike the inked ribbon, imprinting characters onto the paper tensioned in the machine's roller system. The side panels are elegantly decorated with refined cast-iron elements in the Art Nouveau style, displaying the brand name - "Ideal." The Polyglott model, featuring a bilingual keyboard patented in the United Kingdom by Max Klaczko from Riga, Latvia, was produced between 1902 and 1913, marking the first typewriter capable of writing in two languages. The "Ideal Polyglott" typewriter was actively sold in the Russian Empire and gained significant popularity in Poland, Bulgaria, and Serbia. The typewriter - a mechanical device used for printing text directly onto paper - ranks among the most important inventions of the modern era, as it revolutionized communication. From the late 19th century to the early 21st century, it became an indispensable tool, widely used by writers, in offices, for business correspondence, and in private homes. The peak of typewriter sales occurred in the 1950s when the average annual sales in the United States reached 12 million units. In November 2012, the British Brother factory produced what it claimed to be the last typewriter, which was donated to the Science Museum in London. The advent of computers, word processing software, printers, and the decreasing cost of these technologies led to the typewriter's disappearance from the mainstream market, turning it into a museum exhibit. June 23 marks Typewriter Day, commemorating the date when American journalist and inventor Christopher Latham Sholes patented his typewriter. This day celebrates the simple yet revolutionary device that has become history, as well as the remarkable literary achievements it has enabled since 1868.
Bowls from the Scythian burial sites of the late 4th - 2nd century BC on the left bank of the Lower Dniester
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VIII [XXIII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
In the article there are published and analyzed bowls from the Scythian burial complexes of the cemetery near the village of Glinoe (Hlinaia) and from some barrows of the late 4th - 2nd century BC on the left bank of the Lower Dniester, near Tiraspol. The research reveals widest spreading of the bowls in the funerary practice of Scythians on this bank of the Dniester. Their role and place in the funeral rite are assessed. There are examined wooden and ceramic bowls. The authors offer a typology for hand- shaped bowls, which takes into account all their morphological features. Particular attention is paid to the decoration of the hand-made bowls, which primarily reflects the Thracian ceramic tradition. The analysis of spreading of the bowls in the settlements and burial mounds of the Scythians on the Northern Black Sea littoral testifi es the sedentarization of the Scythian population in the Lower Dniester in the 3rd - 2nd centuries BC.
List of illustrations:
Fig. 1. Iron details of the wooden bowls (1-6) and pottery bowls (7, 8) from the Glinoe cemetery: 1 -burial 18/1; 2 - burial 46/3; 3 - burial 59/1; 4 - burial 69/2; 5 - burial 80/1; 6 - burial 83/1; 7 - burial 21/1; 8 - burial 85/1. Fig. 2. Hand- shaped bowls from the Glinoe cemetery: 1 - burial 2/3; 2 - burial 3/1; 3 - burial 7/1; 4, 5 - burial 8/1; 6 - burial 10/1; 7 - burial 11/1; 8 - burial 13/1. Fig. 3. Hand- shaped bowls from the Glinoe cemetery: 1 - burial 13/3; 2 - burial 14/2; 3 - burial 15/1; 4 - burial 15/2; 5 - burial 17/1; 6 - burial 19/1; 7 - burial 19/3; 8 - burial 20/1; 9, 10 - burial 22/2; 11 - burial 22/3. Fig. 4. Hand- shaped bowls from the Glinoe cemetery: 1 - burial 23/1; 2, 3 - burial 26/1; 4 - burial 27/1; 5 - burial 30/1; 6 - burial 33/2; 7 - burial 36/1; 8, 9 - burial 38/1. Fig. 5. Hand- shaped bowls from the Glinoe cemetery: 1 - burial 38/3; 2 - burial 39/1; 3 - burial 41/2; 4 - burial 42/1; 5 - burial 43/2; 6 - burial 45/1; 7, 8 - burial 46/4; 9 - burial 47/1. Fig. 6. Hand- shaped bowls from the Glinoe cemetery: 1 - burial 48/1; 2 - burial 49/1; 3 - burial 50/1; 4, 5 - burial 52/1; 6 - burial 55/1; 7 - burial 56/1; 8, 9 - burial 56/2; 10, 11 - burial 57/1. Fig. 7. Hand- shaped bowls from the Glinoe cemetery: 1 - burial 60/1; 2 - burial 60/2; 3 - burial 62/1; 4, 5 - burial 64/1; 6 - burial 65/1; 7 - burial 67/4; 8 - burial 68/1; 9 - burial 74/2; 10 - burial 75/2; 11 - burial 76/1; 12 - burial 77/1; 13 - burial 78/3; 14 - burial 81/1; 15 - burial 81/3. Fig. 8. Hand- shaped bowls from the Glinoe cemetery: 1 - burial 82/1; 2 - burial 86/1; 3 - burial 87/1; 4 - burial 88/1; 5 - burial 89/1; 6 - burial 91/2. Fig. 9. Hand- shaped bowls from the Glinoe cemetery: 1 - burial 93/1; 2 - burial 93/2; 3 - burial 94/1; 4 - burial 95/1; 5 - burial 96/1; 6 - burial 96/2; 7 - burial 99/1; 8 - burial 101/2; 9 - grave goods form the barrow №102; 10 - burial 102/3. Fig. 10. Hand-shaped bowls from the Glinoe cemetery: 1 - burial 103/1; 2 - burial 104/1; 3, 4 - burial 105/2; 5 - ditch of the barrow no. 106; 6 - burial 106/1; 7 - burial 107/3; 8 - burial 109/1; 9 - burial 113/1; 10 - burial 114/1; 11 - ditch of the barrow no. 115; 12 - burial 115/1. Fig. 11. Hand-shaped bowls from the Scythian barrows near Tiraspol: 1 - barrow no. 275 near the Glinoe village; 2 - barrow no. 131 near the Parcani village; 3 - barrow no. 154 near the Parcani village; 4 - barrow no. 174 near the Parcani village; 5 - barrow no. 282 near the Cioburciu village; 6 - barrow no. 288 near the Cioburciu village; 7 - barrow no. 402 near the Cioburciu village; 8 - barrow no. 405 near the Cioburciu village; 9 - barrow no. 408 near Cioburciu (all after Мелюкова 1962). Fig. 12. Typology of the hand-shaped bowls. Fig. 13. The types of rim ornamentation of the hand-shaped bowls of the late 4th - 2nd century BC from the Scythian graves on the Dniester bank: 1-3 - raised edges on a horizontal surface of the rims; 4-11 - lugs-festoons on the lateral side of the rims. Fig. 14. Tamgha on the bottom of the hand-shaped bowl form the burial 81/3 of the Scythian cemetery near the Glinoe village.
Николай Тельнов, Виталий Синика
The Getae burial on the left bank of the Dniester and some problems of the Thracian burial practice
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VII [XXII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany. Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.