#Exhibit of the Month

The hoard was found in 1957 during the agricultural works near the village. At first, the hoard was in the collection of the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History and later was transferred to the National Museum of History (Accession: FB: 12 576 - 12650; N: 12 658 - 12 732). It consists of 75 silver coins from the thaler category issued by the Kingdom of Poland, the United Provinces and the Holy Roman Empire in 1612-1648.

THE KINGDOM OF POLAND
Sigismund II Vasa (1586-1632)
Crown, thaler: 1628 (1).
Gdańsk, orts: 1612 (1), 1613 (1*), 1614 (1), 1615 (7), 1616 (8), 1617 (16), 1618 (4), 1619 (2), 161 (1), 1620 (2), 1621 (8).

THE UNITED PROVINCES OF THE NETHERLANDS
Lion thalers (leeuwendaalder)
Gelderland: 1641 (1), 1647 (2), 1649 (1).
West Frisia: 1648 (1).
Utrecht: 1643 (1), 1646 (1), 1647 (2), 1648 (1).

THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
Kampen: halve leeuwendaalder 1646 (1), 1647 (1); leeuwendaalder 1647 (3), 1649 (1).
Zwolle: leeuwendaalder 1633 (1), 1637 (3), 1644 (1), 1646 (2), 1648 (1).

This hoard by its composition confirms the presence of silver coins from the thaler category in the Principality of Moldavia monetary circulation.

Thalers were first minted in 1486 in Sankt-Joachimsthal, today the Czech Republic, "thaler" being an abbreviation of "Joachimsthaler", meaning coin issued in Sankt-Joachimsthal. In the 16th and 17th centuries, thalers were issued in very large quantities, especially by state entities that were part of the Holy Roman Empire and the Habsburg Empire. Thus, thalers can be considered a quintessentially popular coin; there are thalers of several types, such as Austrian thalers, Polish thalers, Russian thalers, Turkish thalers, Venetian thalers, also called scuzi, "reichsthalers", also called imperials, löwenthalers or lion thalers, and Spanish thalers, also called piastre. In the Romanian principalities, thalers spread widely towards the end of the 16th century, and in the following centuries their circulation became very abundant, the thaler being in circulation until the second half of the 19th century. This money was a huge success, so it is also called: daalder / daler in the Netherlands, talar in Poland, dahlar in Scandinavia, tallaro / tallero in Italy, talari in Ethiopia, dollar in America. A special category is the Dutch thaler, leeuwendaalder, löwenthaler, which means "lion thaler", also called "lion" due to the coat of arms on the reverse, which is a shield with a crown, with a lion inside; it is a silver coin minted in Netherlands, where in 1575 it was decided to mint a new coin based on the scuzi. In the Romanian principalities the lion thaler appears in the last quarter of the 16th century. These lion thaler gave the name to the currency of Romania, the Republic of Moldova (leu), and Bulgaria (leva).

Orts are also silver coins from the thaler category, equal to 1/4 thaler. A quarter thaler was originally called "ortstaler", a name that was later reduced to the form "ort" (in Old German "ort" means "a quarter"). The coin circulated in Europe in the Middle Ages, including the Romanian principalities, being met in the 18th century as Polish, Turkish and German orts. The term "ort" is preserved in the Romanian expression "to give an ort to a priest" (which means "to die"), which dates back to the ancient pagan custom of placing a coin on the little finger of the deceased's right hand so that he could pay for the passage to the afterlife; With the same coin, the priest was paid for the funeral service: the family of the deceased "gave an ort to the priest" to observe church traditions.

National Museum of History of Moldova

Publications

Journal „Tyragetia"

vol. VIII [XXIII], nr. 1

Bowls from the Scythian burial sites of the late 4th - 2nd century BC on the left bank of the Lower Dniester

ISSN 1857-0240
E-ISSN 2537-6330

Николай Тельнов, Виталий Синика

Bowls from the Scythian burial sites of the late 4th - 2nd century BC on the left bank of the Lower Dniester

Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VIII [XXIII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică

In the article there are published and analyzed bowls from the Scythian burial complexes of the cemetery near the village of Glinoe (Hlinaia) and from some barrows of the late 4th - 2nd century BC on the left bank of the Lower Dniester, near Tiraspol. The research reveals widest spreading of the bowls in the funerary practice of Scythians on this bank of the Dniester. Their role and place in the funeral rite are assessed. There are examined wooden and ceramic bowls. The authors offer a typology for hand- shaped bowls, which takes into account all their morphological features. Particular attention is paid to the decoration of the hand-made bowls, which primarily reflects the Thracian ceramic tradition. The analysis of spreading of the bowls in the settlements and burial mounds of the Scythians on the Northern Black Sea littoral testifi es the sedentarization of the Scythian population in the Lower Dniester in the 3rd - 2nd centuries BC.

List of illustrations:

Fig. 1. Iron details of the wooden bowls (1-6) and pottery bowls (7, 8) from the Glinoe cemetery: 1 -burial 18/1; 2 - burial 46/3; 3 - burial 59/1; 4 - burial 69/2; 5 - burial 80/1; 6 - burial 83/1; 7 - burial 21/1; 8 - burial 85/1.
Fig. 2. Hand- shaped bowls from the Glinoe cemetery: 1 - burial 2/3; 2 - burial 3/1; 3 - burial 7/1; 4, 5 - burial 8/1; 6 - burial 10/1; 7 - burial 11/1; 8 - burial 13/1.
Fig. 3. Hand- shaped bowls from the Glinoe cemetery: 1 - burial 13/3; 2 - burial 14/2; 3 - burial 15/1; 4 - burial 15/2; 5 - burial 17/1; 6 - burial 19/1; 7 - burial 19/3; 8 - burial 20/1; 9, 10 - burial 22/2; 11 - burial 22/3.
Fig. 4. Hand- shaped bowls from the Glinoe cemetery: 1 - burial 23/1; 2, 3 - burial 26/1; 4 - burial 27/1; 5 - burial 30/1; 6 - burial 33/2; 7 - burial 36/1; 8, 9 - burial 38/1.
Fig. 5. Hand- shaped bowls from the Glinoe cemetery: 1 - burial 38/3; 2 - burial 39/1; 3 - burial 41/2; 4 - burial 42/1; 5 - burial 43/2; 6 - burial 45/1; 7, 8 - burial 46/4; 9 - burial 47/1.
Fig. 6. Hand- shaped bowls from the Glinoe cemetery: 1 - burial 48/1; 2 - burial 49/1; 3 - burial 50/1; 4, 5 - burial 52/1; 6 - burial 55/1; 7 - burial 56/1; 8, 9 - burial 56/2; 10, 11 - burial 57/1.
Fig. 7. Hand- shaped bowls from the Glinoe cemetery: 1 - burial 60/1; 2 - burial 60/2; 3 - burial 62/1; 4, 5 - burial 64/1; 6 - burial 65/1; 7 - burial 67/4; 8 - burial 68/1; 9 - burial 74/2; 10 - burial 75/2; 11 - burial 76/1; 12 - burial 77/1; 13 - burial 78/3; 14 - burial 81/1; 15 - burial 81/3.
Fig. 8. Hand- shaped bowls from the Glinoe cemetery: 1 - burial 82/1; 2 - burial 86/1; 3 - burial 87/1; 4 - burial 88/1; 5 - burial 89/1; 6 - burial 91/2.
Fig. 9. Hand- shaped bowls from the Glinoe cemetery: 1 - burial 93/1; 2 - burial 93/2; 3 - burial 94/1; 4 - burial 95/1; 5 - burial 96/1; 6 - burial 96/2; 7 - burial 99/1; 8 - burial 101/2; 9 - grave goods form the barrow №102; 10 - burial 102/3.
Fig. 10. Hand-shaped bowls from the Glinoe cemetery: 1 - burial 103/1; 2 - burial 104/1; 3, 4 - burial 105/2; 5 - ditch of the barrow no. 106; 6 - burial 106/1; 7 - burial 107/3; 8 - burial 109/1; 9 - burial 113/1; 10 - burial 114/1; 11 - ditch of the barrow no. 115; 12 - burial 115/1.
Fig. 11. Hand-shaped bowls from the Scythian barrows near Tiraspol: 1 - barrow no. 275 near the Glinoe village; 2 - barrow no. 131 near the Parcani village; 3 - barrow no. 154 near the Parcani village; 4 - barrow no. 174 near the Parcani village; 5 - barrow no. 282 near the Cioburciu village; 6 - barrow no. 288 near the Cioburciu village; 7 - barrow no. 402 near the Cioburciu village; 8 - barrow no. 405 near the Cioburciu village; 9 - barrow no. 408 near Cioburciu (all after Мелюкова 1962).
Fig. 12. Typology of the hand-shaped bowls.
Fig. 13. The types of rim ornamentation of the hand-shaped bowls of the late 4th - 2nd century BC from the Scythian graves on the Dniester bank: 1-3 - raised edges on a horizontal surface of the rims; 4-11 - lugs-festoons on the lateral side of the rims.
Fig. 14. Tamgha on the bottom of the hand-shaped bowl form the burial 81/3 of the Scythian cemetery near the Glinoe village.