Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany.
Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History.
The typewriter features a standard carriage mounted on ball bearings and rollers, along with a keyboard equipped with 42 keys. These contain two complete sets of Latin and Cyrillic alphabets, punctuation marks, numbers, and mathematical symbols, enabling the typing of 126 characters. Beneath the metal casing, the type bars are arranged in a fan-like pattern, holding embossed characters and ink ribbon rollers. When the keys are pressed, the type bars strike the inked ribbon, imprinting characters onto the paper tensioned in the machine's roller system. The side panels are elegantly decorated with refined cast-iron elements in the Art Nouveau style, displaying the brand name - "Ideal." The Polyglott model, featuring a bilingual keyboard patented in the United Kingdom by Max Klaczko from Riga, Latvia, was produced between 1902 and 1913, marking the first typewriter capable of writing in two languages. The "Ideal Polyglott" typewriter was actively sold in the Russian Empire and gained significant popularity in Poland, Bulgaria, and Serbia. The typewriter - a mechanical device used for printing text directly onto paper - ranks among the most important inventions of the modern era, as it revolutionized communication. From the late 19th century to the early 21st century, it became an indispensable tool, widely used by writers, in offices, for business correspondence, and in private homes. The peak of typewriter sales occurred in the 1950s when the average annual sales in the United States reached 12 million units. In November 2012, the British Brother factory produced what it claimed to be the last typewriter, which was donated to the Science Museum in London. The advent of computers, word processing software, printers, and the decreasing cost of these technologies led to the typewriter's disappearance from the mainstream market, turning it into a museum exhibit. June 23 marks Typewriter Day, commemorating the date when American journalist and inventor Christopher Latham Sholes patented his typewriter. This day celebrates the simple yet revolutionary device that has become history, as well as the remarkable literary achievements it has enabled since 1868.
Complex of antique amphorae of the 1st half of the 6th century BC from the pit no. 11 of the “ashpit” no. 13 of the Western Bilsk Fortification
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VIII [XXIII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
This publication presents materials from a closed complex in the "ashpit" no. 13 of the Western Bilsk fortified settlement. In the fi lling of one of the pits there were found 285 fragments of antique amphorae. Among them it was possible to identify fragments of 13 Klazomenian amphorae and one Milesian amphora. We divided all fragments of rims belonging to the Klazomenian amphorae into 3 variants. In our opinion, all the considered fragments of amphorae could fi nd the closest analogies among the vessels of the 1st half of the 6th century BC. List of illustrations:
Fig. 1. Bilsk settlement location: 1 - View of the Northern Black Sea region with the location of the Bilsk settlement; 2 - ancient settlement in Bilsk; 3 - the plan of the western fortification with locations of "ashpits". Fig. 2. Plan and profile of the pit number 11 of the "ashpit" 13. Western fortifi cation of the Bilsk settlement. Fig. 3. Fragments of antique amphorae, pieces of clay plastering, walls of pots, and bones of animals in the filling of pit number 11. View from the west. "Ashpit" number 13. Western fortifi cation of the Bilsk settlement: 1 - filling of the top of the pit; 2 - filling of the bottom of the pit. Fig. 4. Accumulations in the pit number 11 of the "ashpit" 13, the Western fortifi cation of the Bilsk settlement: 1 - accumulation in the western part of the pit; 2 - accumulation in the eastern part of the pit. Fig. 5. Fragments of rims of the Klazomenian transport amphorae from the accumulation in the pit number 11 of the "ashpit" 13, the Western fortifi cation of the Bilsk settlement: 1-6 - fragments from accumulation; 7 - fragment of a rim found on the bottom of the pit. Fig. 6. Fragments of the Klazomenian transport amphorae from the accumulation in pit number 11 of the "ashpit" 13, the Western fortifi cation of the Bilsk settlement: 1, 2, 4-15 - fi ndings from the accumulation; 3, 16 - finds from the bottom of the pit. 1-6 - rims of amphorae; 7-8 - feet of amphorae; 9-16 - fragments of handles. Fig. 7. Fragments of amphorae from the accumulation in the pit number 11 of the "ashpit" 13, the Western fortification of the Bilsk settlement: 1-5, 7, 8 - Klazomenian amphorae, 6 - Milesian amphorae. 1-5 - fragments of handles; 5 - fragment of a neck; 6 - fragment of a rim. Fig. 8. Klazomenian transport amphora's wall decorated with red stripes from the accumulation in the pit number 11 of the "ashpit" 13, the Western fortifi cation of the Bilsk settlement. Fig. 9. Table of rims of the Klazomenian transport amphorae from the pit number 11 of the "ashpit" 13, the Western Bilsk Fortifi cation.
Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany. Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The side panels are elegantly decorated with refined cast-iron elements in the Art Nouveau style, displaying the brand name - "Ideal." The Polyglott model, featuring a bilingual keyboard patented in the United Kingdom by Max Klaczko from Riga, Latvia, was produced between 1902 and 1913, marking the first typewriter capable of writing in two languages. The "Ideal Polyglott" typewriter was actively sold in the Russian Empire and gained significant popularity in Poland, Bulgaria, and Serbia.
31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
