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#Exhibit of the Month

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Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany.

Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History.

The typewriter features a standard carriage mounted on ball bearings and rollers, along with a keyboard equipped with 42 keys. These contain two complete sets of Latin and Cyrillic alphabets, punctuation marks, numbers, and mathematical symbols, enabling the typing of 126 characters. Beneath the metal casing, the type bars are arranged in a fan-like pattern, holding embossed characters and ink ribbon rollers. When the keys are pressed, the type bars strike the inked ribbon, imprinting characters onto the paper tensioned in the machine's roller system.
The side panels are elegantly decorated with refined cast-iron elements in the Art Nouveau style, displaying the brand name - "Ideal." The Polyglott model, featuring a bilingual keyboard patented in the United Kingdom by Max Klaczko from Riga, Latvia, was produced between 1902 and 1913, marking the first typewriter capable of writing in two languages. The "Ideal Polyglott" typewriter was actively sold in the Russian Empire and gained significant popularity in Poland, Bulgaria, and Serbia.
The typewriter - a mechanical device used for printing text directly onto paper - ranks among the most important inventions of the modern era, as it revolutionized communication. From the late 19th century to the early 21st century, it became an indispensable tool, widely used by writers, in offices, for business correspondence, and in private homes. The peak of typewriter sales occurred in the 1950s when the average annual sales in the United States reached 12 million units. In November 2012, the British Brother factory produced what it claimed to be the last typewriter, which was donated to the Science Museum in London.
The advent of computers, word processing software, printers, and the decreasing cost of these technologies led to the typewriter's disappearance from the mainstream market, turning it into a museum exhibit.
June 23 marks Typewriter Day, commemorating the date when American journalist and inventor Christopher Latham Sholes patented his typewriter. This day celebrates the simple yet revolutionary device that has become history, as well as the remarkable literary achievements it has enabled since 1868.

Virtual Tour


Publications Journal „Tyragetia"   vol. III [XVIII], nr. 2


Considérations sur les conséquences de la réforme agraire en République de Moldova
ISSN 1857-0240
E-ISSN 2537-6330

Considérations sur les conséquences de la réforme agraire en République de Moldova

Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. III [XVIII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie

Le processus de réforme de l’agriculture de la République de Moldova, déroulé pendant les années 90 du 20eme siècle, a eu, en outre les conséquences d’ordre économiques, des importantes conséquences sur le plan social en ce qui concerne la population rurale du pays. La conséquence sociale la plus importante de la transition vers une économie de marché (or, la réforme agraire n’est qu’un aspect de la transition de l’économie du système administratif soviétique vers une économie viable de marché) a été la paupérisation massive des habitants du milieu rural, suite tant à la dissolution des kolkhozes et des sovkhozes (et, par conséquent, à une haute taux du chômage parmi les habitants du milieu rural), qu’à la distribution inéquitable du patrimoine des entreprises susmentionnées et des quotes équivalentes de terrain aux paysans.

La transition vers l’économie de marché a eu, de même façon, des conséquences importantes en ce qui concerne l’infrastructure sociale rurale. La situation économique difficile du pays et des villages a rendu impossible maintenance de l’infrastructure soviétique, tant plus - le développement.

Ainsi, le but de l’article est d’élucider les conséquences de la réforme agraire en Moldavie sur deux plans:

– dans le domaine social (s’agissant d’une analyse de la pauvreté dans le milieu rural, de l’évolution des revenus des paysans par comparaison avec ceux des habitants des villes, etc.);

– dans le domaine de l’infrastructure.

De même façon on va proposer des solutions en vue de dépaser la profonde crise dont les villages moldaves se trouvent suite aux réformes.

Octavian Zelinski
Considérations sur la situation économique dans le secteur agraire de la République Socialiste Soviétique de Moldavie dans la seconde moitié des années ‘80 du XX-ème siécle
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. II [XVII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Octavian Zelinski
L’impact de la transition dans l’agriculture sur la façon de vie et la perception des réalités sociales par la population rurale (les résultats d’une recherche effectuée dans le district Anenii Noi)
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. IV [XIX], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Octavian Zelinski
Le progrès accomplis dans la réforme macroéconomique dans les pays de la CEI. Recherche comparée avec l‘appui sur la réforme agraire en République de Moldova
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. V [XX], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie



 

 

Independent Moldova
Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
Bessarabia and MASSR between the Two World Wars
Bessarabia and Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the Period between the Two World Wars
Revival of National Movement
Time of Reforms and their Consequences
Abolition of Autonomy. Bessarabia – a New Tsarist Colony
Period of Relative Autonomy of Bessarabia within the Russian Empire
Phanariot Regime
Golden Age of the Romanian Culture
Struggle for Maintaining of Independence of Moldova
Formation of Independent Medieval State of Moldova
Era of the
Great Nomad Migrations
Early Middle Ages
Iron Age and Antiquity
Bronze Age
Aeneolithic Age
Neolithic Age
Palaeolithic Age
  
  

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#Exhibit of the Month

Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany. Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History...

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2025 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

 



The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2025 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

menu
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2025 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC