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#Exhibit of the Month

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Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany.

Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History.

The typewriter features a standard carriage mounted on ball bearings and rollers, along with a keyboard equipped with 42 keys. These contain two complete sets of Latin and Cyrillic alphabets, punctuation marks, numbers, and mathematical symbols, enabling the typing of 126 characters. Beneath the metal casing, the type bars are arranged in a fan-like pattern, holding embossed characters and ink ribbon rollers. When the keys are pressed, the type bars strike the inked ribbon, imprinting characters onto the paper tensioned in the machine's roller system.
The side panels are elegantly decorated with refined cast-iron elements in the Art Nouveau style, displaying the brand name - "Ideal." The Polyglott model, featuring a bilingual keyboard patented in the United Kingdom by Max Klaczko from Riga, Latvia, was produced between 1902 and 1913, marking the first typewriter capable of writing in two languages. The "Ideal Polyglott" typewriter was actively sold in the Russian Empire and gained significant popularity in Poland, Bulgaria, and Serbia.
The typewriter - a mechanical device used for printing text directly onto paper - ranks among the most important inventions of the modern era, as it revolutionized communication. From the late 19th century to the early 21st century, it became an indispensable tool, widely used by writers, in offices, for business correspondence, and in private homes. The peak of typewriter sales occurred in the 1950s when the average annual sales in the United States reached 12 million units. In November 2012, the British Brother factory produced what it claimed to be the last typewriter, which was donated to the Science Museum in London.
The advent of computers, word processing software, printers, and the decreasing cost of these technologies led to the typewriter's disappearance from the mainstream market, turning it into a museum exhibit.
June 23 marks Typewriter Day, commemorating the date when American journalist and inventor Christopher Latham Sholes patented his typewriter. This day celebrates the simple yet revolutionary device that has become history, as well as the remarkable literary achievements it has enabled since 1868.

Virtual Tour


Publications Journal „Tyragetia"   vol. VI [XXI], nr. 2


L'impact du fleau de la peste dans revolution des relations commerciales de l'Empire Russe avec la Principaute de Moldavie (1812-1831)
ISSN 1857-0240
E-ISSN 2537-6330

L'impact du fleau de la peste dans revolution des relations commerciales de l'Empire Russe avec la Principaute de Moldavie (1812-1831)

Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VI [XXI], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie

L’évolution des relations commerciales de l’Empire Russe avec la Principauté de Moldavie a été influencée d’un certain nombre de facteurs objectifs et subjectifs, internes et externes qui sont realisés par diverses formes et intensité. Le problème, c’est que ces facteurs ont influencé le progrés ou même le régres des processus de la vie économique de l’Empire Russe et de la Principauté de Moldavie pendant le premier tiers du XIX- ième siècle.

Parfois le commerce bilatéral a été influencé de diverses maladies et épidémies qui ont mis en péril la vie et la santé des habitants et même ont imposé les états d’établir des actes normatifs pour protéger ses frontières.

La limite supérieure chronologique (1812) désigne une nouvelle étape dans le développement des relations com- merciales de l’Empire Russe avec la Principauté de Moldavie qui a une tangente directe avec l’annexion du terri- toire d’entre le Pruth et Dniestr et les premières attestations du fléau de la peste dans les Principautés Roumaines, l’Empire Otoman, l’Empire Autrichien, même les goubernies voisines et qui ont imposé l’administration impériale russe à établir un plan stratégique pour la protection des frontières d’Ouest d’Empire.

La limite inférieure chronologique (1831) confirme les dernières vagues de peste attestés dans la Principauté de Moldavie, la supréssion du cordon sanitaire – douanier au Dniestr et l’unification douanière de la Bessarabie avec l’Empire Russe. Donc, les restrictions établies par l’administration impériale russe pour la protection des frontières de peste, ont conditionné la fermeture des frontières d’Ouest de la Bessarabie, enregistrant la diminussion de l’échange des marchandises et une transformation d’ordre sociale, politique et économique.

Silvia Pantaz
Certains aspects de la politique impériale russe dans le commerce avec la Principauté de Moldavie (1812-1859)
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. V [XX], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie



 

 

Independent Moldova
Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
Bessarabia and MASSR between the Two World Wars
Bessarabia and Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the Period between the Two World Wars
Revival of National Movement
Time of Reforms and their Consequences
Abolition of Autonomy. Bessarabia – a New Tsarist Colony
Period of Relative Autonomy of Bessarabia within the Russian Empire
Phanariot Regime
Golden Age of the Romanian Culture
Struggle for Maintaining of Independence of Moldova
Formation of Independent Medieval State of Moldova
Era of the
Great Nomad Migrations
Early Middle Ages
Iron Age and Antiquity
Bronze Age
Aeneolithic Age
Neolithic Age
Palaeolithic Age
  
  

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#Exhibit of the Month

Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany. Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History...

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2025 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

 



The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2025 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2025 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC