Bronze cauldrons of the Scythian time are rare in the Northern Black Sea region, especially on its western borders. Therefore, those few items found on the territory of the Republic of Moldova occupy a worthy place in the collection of the National Museum of History of Moldova (NMHM). In particular, in the archaeological exhibition, two bronze cauldrons are displayed, discovered near the village of Nicolscoe in 1988 in burial mounds no. 14 and 15. In addition, in 2020, two bronze cauldrons without any accompanying documents were found in the collection of NMHM; however, they were visually identified as coming from various excavations in the Low Dniester region, such as burial mound no. 45 near Dubăsari and burial mound no. 1 near the Răscăieții Noi village.
The object presented as the exhibit of the month is a little-known find discovered in 1979 in barrow 1 near the village of Răscăieții Noi in the Ștefan Vodă district. In addition to its outstanding size (about 10 m high), this mound is known for discovering a cast bronze finial in the Scythian animal style on its surface in 1953. However, by the beginning of excavations, the locals had damaged part of the mound and a Scythian cast bronze cauldron was found near it. The cauldron was seriously damaged by mechanical impact, as a result of which the rim was deformed, and the walls, with one preserved vertical handle, were bent inwards. Fragments in the upper part of the body and one handle have been lost. The total reconstructed height of the cauldron is 24 cm (excluding the handles), the reconstructed diameter of the hemispherical cauldron is 30 cm, and the weight is 6.5 kg. In 2020, data on the chemical composition of the bronze cauldron alloy were obtained, revealing that it was cast from an alloy of almost 95 per cent copper. Unfortunately, due to the loss of information on the context of the discovery of the cauldron at Răscăieții Noi, it is impossible to link its discovery with one or another Scythian burial of the barrow. Moreover, the grave goods of other Scythian burials of Barrow 1 do not allow them to date below the 4th century BC. However, the cauldron with vertical handles from Răscăieții Noi most likely belongs earlier. This may be indicated by a bronze finial from the first half of the 5th century BC, which was found on this barrow in 1953. In addition, burial 7 from the nearest excavated barrow 2 at Răscăieții Noi, containing a plaque depicting a rolled predator (a copy of which is also on display at the NMHM), belongs to the mid- 5th century BC. Thus, there is a high probability that the cauldron from Barrow 1 at Răscăieții Noi is associated with the late Middle Scythian period or the mid-5th century BC.
Scythian bronze cauldrons in the west area are concentrated in three main regions: Bukovina-Podolia, the Lower Danube, and the Lower Dniester. Some Scythian cauldrons have no reliable archaeological context. Nevertheless, in combination with the same "stray" finds like the Scythian statues, the finds of Scythian cauldrons mark the Scythian presence, most likely not earlier than the late 6th century or even the turn of the 6th-5th centuries BC. The cauldrons first appeared in Bukovina, where they have been known since the middle of the 7th century BC. Bronze cauldrons (with their carriers) entered the steppe region 150-200 years later, and the "military" burials that appeared in the western steppe regions were no earlier than the middle of the 5th century BC. Most burials with cauldrons (and, apparently, the stray finds) are dated back to the second half of the 5th century BC. Then, in the early 4th century BC, their quantity was reduced, and after the first quarter of the 4th century BC, they completely disappeared from the cultural practice of the population of the steppes of the North-Western Black Sea region.
L'impact du fleau de la peste dans revolution des relations commerciales de l'Empire Russe avec la Principaute de Moldavie (1812-1831)
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VI [XXI], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
L’évolution des relations commerciales de l’Empire Russe avec la Principauté de Moldavie a été influencée d’un certain nombre de facteurs objectifs et subjectifs, internes et externes qui sont realisés par diverses formes et intensité. Le problème, c’est que ces facteurs ont influencé le progrés ou même le régres des processus de la vie économique de l’Empire Russe et de la Principauté de Moldavie pendant le premier tiers du XIX- ième siècle.
Parfois le commerce bilatéral a été influencé de diverses maladies et épidémies qui ont mis en péril la vie et la santé des habitants et même ont imposé les états d’établir des actes normatifs pour protéger ses frontières.
La limite supérieure chronologique (1812) désigne une nouvelle étape dans le développement des relations com- merciales de l’Empire Russe avec la Principauté de Moldavie qui a une tangente directe avec l’annexion du terri- toire d’entre le Pruth et Dniestr et les premières attestations du fléau de la peste dans les Principautés Roumaines, l’Empire Otoman, l’Empire Autrichien, même les goubernies voisines et qui ont imposé l’administration impériale russe à établir un plan stratégique pour la protection des frontières d’Ouest d’Empire.
La limite inférieure chronologique (1831) confirme les dernières vagues de peste attestés dans la Principauté de Moldavie, la supréssion du cordon sanitaire – douanier au Dniestr et l’unification douanière de la Bessarabie avec l’Empire Russe. Donc, les restrictions établies par l’administration impériale russe pour la protection des frontières de peste, ont conditionné la fermeture des frontières d’Ouest de la Bessarabie, enregistrant la diminussion de l’échange des marchandises et une transformation d’ordre sociale, politique et économique.
Silvia Pantaz
Certains aspects de la politique impériale russe dans le commerce avec la Principauté de Moldavie (1812-1859)
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. V [XX], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Bronze cauldrons of the Scythian time are rare in the Northern Black Sea region, especially on its western borders. Therefore, those few items found on the territory of the Republic of Moldova occupy a worthy place in the collection of the National Museum of History of Moldova (NMHM)...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.