Porcelain is a material that has sparked great interest throughout history, and its production has been a true challenge. Also known as "white gold," porcelain is a white, translucent ceramic material obtained by firing a paste of kaolin, quartz, and feldspar, along with other additives, at high temperatures. It was first discovered and used in China. The first Chinese porcelain objects arrived in Europe in the 13th century, but a broader spread of Chinese porcelain on the European continent is recorded in the 17th century. The technology for producing porcelain was kept a secret by the Chinese for a very long time.
The first hard-paste porcelain manufactory in Europe, located in the city of Meissen, was established in 1710 due to discoveries in porcelain production made by Saxon mathematician and physicist Ehrenfried Walter von Tschirnhaus (1661-1708), which were put into practice by the royal court alchemist Johann Friedrich Böttger (1682-1718). He invented the glaze and achieved the complete fusion of the shard and the glaze. The Meissen factory, still operational today, has created and continues to create a vast range of porcelain products. Crafted by the finest artists, sculptors, and engravers, who use unique hand-painted colors and exclusive designs, Meissen products are of exceptional quality and elegance, enjoying worldwide fame.
The tea set, partially consisting of seven pieces (teapot, milk jug, sugar bowl, and two cups with saucers), displayed in this showcase, is a product of the famous Meissen factory in the Kingdom of Saxony, Germany. It was crafted in the first half of the 19th century from high-quality porcelain. The exhibit became part of the collection of the National Museum of History of Moldova through a transfer from the "G. Cotovschi" Memorial House in Hâncești, which was closed in 1989-1990.
The decoration of these pieces is remarkable, featuring hand-painted "German flowers," one of the well-known styles of floral and plant decoration practiced by Meissen craftsmen since the 18th century. They were influenced by Chinese porcelain, which was often adorned with images of flowers and fruits. A distinctive feature of this decorative style was the "scattered flowers" arrangement, where floral elements were placed as individual blossoms or bouquets across the surface of porcelain objects.
The marking on the underside of the pieces consists of two crossed swords, elements borrowed from the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Saxony, applied by hand with cobalt paint under the glaze. With slight variations in the representation of the swords, this mark has been used since 1722 and continues to the present day. The mark on this tea set is characterized by prominent dots on the crossed swords, a feature used at the Meissen factory between 1815 and 1860.
The polychrome floral painting, gilding, and the application of a rosebud on the lids of the teapot and sugar bowl lend a sublime delicacy to these pieces, making them rare and exquisite.
Certains aspects de la politique impériale russe dans le commerce avec la Principauté de Moldavie (1812-1859)
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. V [XX], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Les intérêts économiques et politiques de l’Empire Russe ont dicté les tendances de l’annexion et de saisi forcés de nouveaux territoires. Ils, sans un droit, ont devenu des marchés de la vente et ont été soumis d’un processus d’intégration systémique et vite dans la composition de l’Empire.
Selon les sources historiques, dans la réalisation du commerce russe avec la Principauté de Moldavie comme point de transition a servi la Bessarabie. L‘annexassions de la Bessarabie, représentant une politique de domination et de contrôle rigide à la nouvelle frontière.
La limite supérieure chronologique (1812) désigne les tendances annexionnistes de la politique russe qui établira un nouveau rapport des relations commerciales avec la Principauté de Moldavie L’emplacement de la frontière au Prut et Danube aussi bien que la mise en place d’une nouvelle organisation douanière et sanitaire de frontière avec la Principauté de Moldavie (1817), a conduit à l’influence de l’administration russe dans ces territoires. L’adoption des tarifs douaniers de 186, 1819, 1822 dénote le passage du libéralisme au protectionnisme dans la politique commerciale de la Russie avec les pays étrangers.
La limite inférieure chronologique (1825) confirme la mise en œuvre par l’Empire Russe du Règlement concernant le commerce avec la Bessarabie, qui servait non seulement le territoire de transit de marchandises russes, mais comme source de marchandises besarabenes pour le marché moldave.
La rédaction des actes normatifs ont servi de la Russie non seulement pour augmenter le balance du commerce extérieur, mais pour réussir à la concurrence économique.
Silvia Pantaz
L'impact du fleau de la peste dans revolution des relations commerciales de l'Empire Russe avec la Principaute de Moldavie (1812-1831)
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VI [XXI], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Porcelain is a material that has sparked great interest throughout history, and its production has been a true challenge. Also known as "white gold," porcelain is a white, translucent ceramic material obtained by firing a paste of kaolin, quartz, and feldspar, along with other additives, at high temperatures...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.