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#Exhibit of the Month

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Bronze cauldrons of the Scythian time are rare in the Northern Black Sea region, especially on its western borders. Therefore, those few items found on the territory of the Republic of Moldova occupy a worthy place in the collection of the National Museum of History of Moldova (NMHM). In particular, in the archaeological exhibition, two bronze cauldrons are displayed, discovered near the village of Nicolscoe in 1988 in burial mounds no. 14 and 15. In addition, in 2020, two bronze cauldrons without any accompanying documents were found in the collection of NMHM; however, they were visually identified as coming from various excavations in the Low Dniester region, such as burial mound no. 45 near Dubăsari and burial mound no. 1 near the Răscăieții Noi village.

The object presented as the exhibit of the month is a little-known find discovered in 1979 in barrow 1 near the village of Răscăieții Noi in the Ștefan Vodă district. In addition to its outstanding size (about 10 m high), this mound is known for discovering a cast bronze finial in the Scythian animal style on its surface in 1953. However, by the beginning of excavations, the locals had damaged part of the mound and a Scythian cast bronze cauldron was found near it. The cauldron was seriously damaged by mechanical impact, as a result of which the rim was deformed, and the walls, with one preserved vertical handle, were bent inwards. Fragments in the upper part of the body and one handle have been lost. The total reconstructed height of the cauldron is 24 cm (excluding the handles), the reconstructed diameter of the hemispherical cauldron is 30 cm, and the weight is 6.5 kg. In 2020, data on the chemical composition of the bronze cauldron alloy were obtained, revealing that it was cast from an alloy of almost 95 per cent copper. Unfortunately, due to the loss of information on the context of the discovery of the cauldron at Răscăieții Noi, it is impossible to link its discovery with one or another Scythian burial of the barrow. Moreover, the grave goods of other Scythian burials of Barrow 1 do not allow them to date below the 4th century BC. However, the cauldron with vertical handles from Răscăieții Noi most likely belongs earlier. This may be indicated by a bronze finial from the first half of the 5th century BC, which was found on this barrow in 1953. In addition, burial 7 from the nearest excavated barrow 2 at Răscăieții Noi, containing a plaque depicting a rolled predator (a copy of which is also on display at the NMHM), belongs to the mid- 5th century BC. Thus, there is a high probability that the cauldron from Barrow 1 at Răscăieții Noi is associated with the late Middle Scythian period or the mid-5th century BC.

Scythian bronze cauldrons in the west area are concentrated in three main regions: Bukovina-Podolia, the Lower Danube, and the Lower Dniester. Some Scythian cauldrons have no reliable archaeological context. Nevertheless, in combination with the same "stray" finds like the Scythian statues, the finds of Scythian cauldrons mark the Scythian presence, most likely not earlier than the late 6th century or even the turn of the 6th-5th centuries BC. The cauldrons first appeared in Bukovina, where they have been known since the middle of the 7th century BC. Bronze cauldrons (with their carriers) entered the steppe region 150-200 years later, and the "military" burials that appeared in the western steppe regions were no earlier than the middle of the 5th century BC. Most burials with cauldrons (and, apparently, the stray finds) are dated back to the second half of the 5th century BC. Then, in the early 4th century BC, their quantity was reduced, and after the first quarter of the 4th century BC, they completely disappeared from the cultural practice of the population of the steppes of the North-Western Black Sea region.

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Publications Journal „Tyragetia"   vol. VIII [XXIII], nr. 1


Some observations on the Cucuteni-Tripolye stone figurines
ISSN 1857-0240
E-ISSN 2537-6330

Some observations on the Cucuteni-Tripolye stone figurines

Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VIII [XXIII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică

Некоторые замечания относительно каменных статуэток культуры Кукутень-Триполье

Исходя из недавно опубликованного исследования на эту тему (Ţerna 2013), в статье предлагается проанализировать условия обнаружения, культурно-хронологическую принадлежность, а также подлинность 14 обсуждавшихся в нем предметов на основе данных специальной литературы. Заполнены пробелы и исправлены ошибки документации. Документальное исследование дополняет каталог еще шестью статуэтками. Из 20 предметов лишь пять могут быть отнесены, с большей или меньшей степенью вероятности, к культуре Кукутень-Триполье. 14 предметов обнаружены в ограниченной зоне (Низменность Елан-Хоринча) и были введены в научный оборот в течение последних 25 лет, без указания точных условий обнаружения, одним археологом-любителем. Вызывает удивление, что на небольшой площади (около 120 кв. км.) было отмечено 14 находок, тогда как во всем ареале (около 1000 000 кв. км.) обнаружено только пять каменных статуэток. Кроме того, предметы из этой зоны имеют явные отличия от хорошо известных особенностей пластики Кукутень-Триполья. Это можно объяснить либо существованием в той зоне некого «художественного центра», с гораздо более ценной продукцией, чем в среднем по остальной части ареала культуры Кукутень-Триполье, либо современной имитацией, в модернистской манере, кукутенских моделей. Автор склоняется скорее ко второму объяснению, считая, что подлинность 14 статуэток из Низменности Елан-Хоринча следует подвергнуть серьезному сомнению.

Пока, по причине малого количества достоверных или вероятных артефактов (Бернашевка, Мурджень, Рудь IX, Фэлтичень/Кукутень(?), Костешть) и до получения других путем систематических исследований и надежной культурно-хронологической атрибуции, любые типологические соображения относительно каменных статуэток Кукутень-Триполья не имеют смысла.

В заключение, автор полагает, что при оценке археологической находки следует обращать внимание, прежде всего, на критическое изучение условий обнаружения (в том числе, подлинности как исторического источника), и только после этого переходить различным соображениям теоретического характера.

Список иллюстраций:

Рис. 1. Местности с поселениями культуры Кукутень-Триполье, где отмечены находки каменных статуэток: 1 - Бернашевка; 2 - Костешть; 3 - кукутень (?); 4 - Бырлэлешть - два поселения; 5 - Федешть; 6 - Иджешть; 7 - Мэлуштень - два поселения; 8. Мурджень; 9 - Обыршень; 10 - Рудь; 11 - Сфынту-Георге (?); 12 - Сэрэтень.
Рис. 2. Каменные статуэтки достоверного происхождения с поселений культуры Кукутень-Триполье: 1 - Бернашевка (по Збенович 1980, рис. 79/15); 2 - Мурджень (по Coman 1980, fig. 98/3 = Monah 2012, fi g. 17/6); 3 - Рудь (по Ţerna 2013, fi g. 1/5).
Рис. 3. Каменные статуэтки из коллекции В. Чури (Фэлтиченский музей): 1 - Кукутень (?); 2 - Костешть. Рисунки и фотографии: Е. Урсу; 1d (по Monah 2012, fi g. 17/4).
Рис. 4. Каменные статуэтки из Низменности Елан-Хоринча, найденные М. Ротару: 1a-e - Бырлэлешть (по Buzdugan, Rotaru 1997a, fi g. 10/6; 11/6; 13/6; 14/3; Rotaru 2009, 56, fi g. 8/4); 2 - Федешть (по Rotaru 2009, 52, fi g. 4/7); 3a-d - Иджешть (apud Popușoi 1987, 268, fig. 1/1 = Rotaru 2009, 56, fi g. 8/5; Buzdugan, Rotaru 1997a, 14/4; 1997b, fi g. 1/8, 9); 4a-b - Мэлуштень (по Buzdugan, Rotaru 1997a, fi g. 14/2; Rotaru 2009, 55, fi g. 7/1); 5 - Обыршень (по Buzdugan, Rotaru 1997a, fi g. 14/1); 6 - Сэрэтень (по Buzdugan, Rotaru 1997b, fi g. 1/1).




 

 

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#Exhibit of the Month

Bronze cauldrons of the Scythian time are rare in the Northern Black Sea region, especially on its western borders. Therefore, those few items found on the territory of the Republic of Moldova occupy a worthy place in the collection of the National Museum of History of Moldova (NMHM)...

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2024 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

 



The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2024 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2024 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC