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#Exhibit of the Month

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Christmas bells entered the Romanian cultural space through a long process in which archaic traditions blended with Christian belief and European influences. Long before the holiday of Christmas developed as we know it, metallic sounds played an important ritual role in old communities: they were used to drive away evil spirits, to purify spaces, and to protect people during transitional moments at the turn of the year. These beliefs have been preserved in winter customs such as caroling, the Plugușor, and masked dances, where bells and jingles were indispensable.
With the spread of Christianity, the sound of the bell also acquired a profound religious meaning, becoming an announcer of major feasts and a symbol of the Nativity. Small bells, however, were not originally used as decorations but primarily as functional or ritual objects.
The first decorated Christmas tree in the Romanian lands was the one at the palace of Prince Carol I of Hohenzollern, following his arrival in the Romanian Principalities in 1866. From that moment the tradition took root, and on Christmas Eve princes and princesses invited to the palace would take part in decorating the tree. Among the ornaments used were small metal bells, symbolizing joy, the good news, and divine protection for the home.
In the twentieth century, Christmas bells spread across all Romanian provinces and became a visual emblem of the holiday, appearing in both decorations and carols. Even during periods when religious expression was curtailed, bells remained in people's homes as signs of joy and the continuity of tradition. Today they retain this dual meaning: the echo of ancient beliefs and, at the same time, the announcement of the Birth of Christ - a symbol of hope, light, and the link between past and present.
These tinkling pieces are part of a generous heritage collection at the National Museum of History of Moldova (NMHM), which includes more than 200 cultural items. A substantial contribution to the museum's collection of decorative bells was made by Dorina Raischi, a teacher at School No. 94 in Chișinău, who donated 174 bells, of which around 30 are winter-themed. Made of ceramic, porcelain, glass, and metal, they were brought from different parts of the world and together offer a succinct picture of the global culture of bells. They add a festive note to the home and even to a gift, and it is hard to imagine Christmas without their cheerful tinkling.

Virtual Tour


Publications Journal „Tyragetia"   vol. VII [XXII], nr. 1


Textiles from Scythian burial complexes
ISSN 1857-0240
E-ISSN 2537-6330

Textiles from Scythian burial complexes

Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VII [XXII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică

Текстиль из погребальных комплексов скифов

В степях Северного Причерноморья раскопано более 3 тысяч скифских курганов. В исследованных погребениях обнаружено большое количество артефактов, однако изделия из кожи и текстиля сохраняются в единичных случаях. О костюме скифов некоторое представление дают произведения греческих мастеров. Прежде всего, это произведения торевтики - парадные металлические чаши, украшения горитов, нашивные бляшки и др. На них видны различные детали костюма. Иногда они настолько детализированы, что можно предположить материал и крой одежды. Однако, как правило, на этих предметах изображен костюм мужчин-воинов или амазонок. Повседневный костюм скифских женщин оставался без внимания мастеров.

В этой связи чрезвычайно важен погребальный комплекс 4 в. до н.э., открытый в кургане Вишневая Могила (Запорожская обл., Украина). В грунтовом склепе не потревоженным сохранилось захоронение де- вочки-скифянки. Уникальная сохранность текстильных и кожаных остатков позволила реконструировать весь многокомпонентный костюм скифянки. Он состоял из шести родов одежды: нательной, набедренной, плечевой, настопной, головного убора и съемных украшений. Различные части одежды сделаны из разных материалов, это: белая полотняная ткань, оранжевая атласная ткань, красновато-коричневая шерсть, черное сукно, мех, красная кожа.

Это единственный в Северном Причерноморье палеокостюмологический комплекс, являющийся в настоящее время эталонным примером женского костюма ранних номадов этого региона.

Список иллюстраций:

Рис. 1. Костюм скифского мужчины-воина на произведениях торевтики.

Рис. 2. Изображения женщин на произведениях искусства: 1, 2 - амазонки; 3, 4 - божества.

Рис. 3. Фрагменты различных тканей из скифских могил: 1 - курган Близнец-2; 2, 3 - Рыжановский курган.

Рис. 4. Курган Толстая Могила: 1 - золотые аппликации костюма на полу камеры; 2 - реконструкция парадного костюма (по Л. Клочко).

Рис. 5. Склеп №620 из Усть-Альминского некрополя: 1 - план погребальной камеры (фрагмент); 2 - реконструкция костюмного ансамбля (по Т. Крупе).

Рис. 6. Курган Вишневая Могила: 1 - план погребальной камеры (фрагмент); 2 - реконструкция плетеного гробовища (по Я. Прилипко и Ю. Болтрику).

Рис. 7. Курган Вишневая Могила. Детали костюма скифской девочки: 1-2 - безрукавка; 3, 4 - юбка-обгортка; 5-7 - нательная рубаха (по Я. Прилипко).

Рис. 8. Курган Вишневая Могила. Выкройка и реконструкция кожаных башмачков (по Я. Прилипко).

Рис. 9. Реконструкция костюмного ансамбля девочки из Вишневой Могилы (по Я. Прилипко и Ю. Болтрику).

Рис. 10. Реконструкция вертикального ткацкого станка из раскопок Бельского городища (по А. Щербаню).

Елена Фиалко
The armed women of Early Iron Age in the Northern Pontic: social aspects
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VI [XXI], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
Елена Фиалко
Panoply of Scythian Female Warriors
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. V [XX], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică



 

 

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#Exhibit of the Month

Christmas bells entered the Romanian cultural space through a long process in which archaic traditions blended with Christian belief and European influences. Long before the holiday of Christmas developed as we know it, metallic sounds played an important ritual role in old communities: they were used to drive away evil spirits, to purify spaces, and to protect people during transitional moments at the turn of the year...

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2026 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

 



The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2026 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2026 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC