Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany.
Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History.
The typewriter features a standard carriage mounted on ball bearings and rollers, along with a keyboard equipped with 42 keys. These contain two complete sets of Latin and Cyrillic alphabets, punctuation marks, numbers, and mathematical symbols, enabling the typing of 126 characters. Beneath the metal casing, the type bars are arranged in a fan-like pattern, holding embossed characters and ink ribbon rollers. When the keys are pressed, the type bars strike the inked ribbon, imprinting characters onto the paper tensioned in the machine's roller system. The side panels are elegantly decorated with refined cast-iron elements in the Art Nouveau style, displaying the brand name - "Ideal." The Polyglott model, featuring a bilingual keyboard patented in the United Kingdom by Max Klaczko from Riga, Latvia, was produced between 1902 and 1913, marking the first typewriter capable of writing in two languages. The "Ideal Polyglott" typewriter was actively sold in the Russian Empire and gained significant popularity in Poland, Bulgaria, and Serbia. The typewriter - a mechanical device used for printing text directly onto paper - ranks among the most important inventions of the modern era, as it revolutionized communication. From the late 19th century to the early 21st century, it became an indispensable tool, widely used by writers, in offices, for business correspondence, and in private homes. The peak of typewriter sales occurred in the 1950s when the average annual sales in the United States reached 12 million units. In November 2012, the British Brother factory produced what it claimed to be the last typewriter, which was donated to the Science Museum in London. The advent of computers, word processing software, printers, and the decreasing cost of these technologies led to the typewriter's disappearance from the mainstream market, turning it into a museum exhibit. June 23 marks Typewriter Day, commemorating the date when American journalist and inventor Christopher Latham Sholes patented his typewriter. This day celebrates the simple yet revolutionary device that has become history, as well as the remarkable literary achievements it has enabled since 1868.
The Bulgarian-Wallachian Empire and the Crusaders during the reign of the Tsar Boril Asen (1207-1218). From armed conflict to the political and military collaboration
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. X [XXV], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Keywords: Boril Asan, Henri I, Andrew II, Slav, Strez, Innocentius III, the Vlaho-Bulgarian Tsardom, Hungary.
Abstract: The reign of Tsar Boril Asen (1207-1218) represents a crucial stage in the development of relations between the Bulgarian-Wallachian Empire and the Catholic powers, supporters of the crusades: The Latin Empire of Constantinople, the Kingdom of Thessalonica, Hungary and the Holy See. Under the pressure of a difficult international environment, these relationships have changed from a political dispute and armed conflict to the military-political alliance. In the relationship between the Second Bulgarian Empire and Crusader States there are two distinct periods: a) 1208-1213/1214, a stage of the conflict, marked by strong political tensions and military confrontation; b) 1213/1214-1218, a period of collaboration, marked by the entry of the State of Asens into the camp of Catholic powers and the conclusion of the military-political alliances.
Vasile Mărculeț
Considérations concernant le titre et le statut politique-juridique international des dynastes de la Dobroudja du XIVe siècle
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. V [XX], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Vasile Mărculeț
On the relations between the Vlach-Bulgarian Tsardom and the Byzantine Empire in 1197-1204
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. IX [XXIV], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică Chișinău, 2015
Vasile Mărculeț
Quelques considerations sur les relations politiques entre la Moldavie et la Venise en 15e siècle et le début du 16e siècle
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. IV [XIX], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Vasile Mărculeț, Ioan Mărculeț
Byzantine military-administrative units in the Eastern Bulgaria and on the Lower Danube during the reign of John I Tzimisces
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VII [XXII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Vasile Mărculeț
Jerémias - un métropolite ignoré de la Hungrovalachie du début du XVe siècle
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VIII [XXIII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany. Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.