With the establishment of the Soviet regime after the territorial abduction, the Red Terror broke out in Bessarabia. Starting from June 28, 1940, on the territory of Bessarabia, then of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (August 2, 1940), state bodies carried out a series of mass political repressions - under the pretext of political, social, religious and national reasons - in the form of deprivation of freedom, deportation, expulsion and other coercive measures. The first victims of this terror were the national elites: mayors, teachers, judges, lawyers, officials, former members of the Council of the Country, accused of "anti-Sovietism", "counter-revolutionary activity", belonging to political parties in Romania, etc. They were the target of the first arrests and imprisonments of the Soviet repression organs. Later, from 1941, the deportations of the native population to Siberia and to labor correction camps followed, the deportations of the civilian population from July 5-6, 1949, as well as those from April 1, 1951. According to the data of the Commission for the Study and Assessment of the Totalitarian Communist Regime in the Republic Moldova, established on January 14, 2010, the number of victims deported and subjected to repressions in the years 1929-1951 was assessed at over 90 thousand people. In a barbaric way, the repression bodies also attacked the participants and supporters of the resistance movement in the SSR, considering them state criminals, traitors, bandits, robbers. Leaders of resistance organizations were usually sentenced to capital punishment by firing squad, and active members to 25 years in prison, serving their sentences in labor camps and prisons. The territory of the Soviet empire was littered with a hideous network of correctional labor camps and prisons called the GULAG. Millions of people were imprisoned in the GULAG system of the Soviet Union, many of them remained forever in the lands of Siberia, in mass graves and cemeteries without crosses. Most of the camps were correctional labor colonies, where inmates were subjected to labor in mines or in the construction of roads, canals, railways or buildings. Prisoners worked under threat of starvation or execution. Tens of thousands died each year from grueling work, unbearable conditions, summary executions and inadequate food.
A shocking testimony of the Soviet gulag is the exhibit "Political Detainee's Coat", displayed in this showcase. Museum piece - unique, it was purchased from the former political prisoner Vasile Cojocaru, domiciled in the city of Chisinau. It entered the heritage in 1995, during a period of intense activity of the museum's collaborators regarding the collection of pieces with the theme of communist repression.
Vasile Cojocaru was born in 1926, in the village of Chioselia Mică, Baimaclia district (currently, Cantemir district). On June 16, 1951, he was sentenced to 25 years' imprisonment by the Military Court of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the SSR, according to article 54-1 (a) of the criminal code of the Ukrainian SSR - "treason", and escorted in a special camp in Kazakhstan, with prohibitions on rights and confiscation of property. Obviously, we ask ourselves the question: What guilt is hidden under this accusation of "traitor to the fatherland", which crippled his whole life?
In July 1941, his father, Cojocaru Petru Grigore, born in 1886, was arrested and qualified as an "enemy of the people" (he was a member of the National Peasant Party), all his wealth being confiscated. On August 15, 1942, as a "dangerous social element", he is imprisoned in the correctional camp in the city of Mariinsk, Kemerovo region, where he dies under unclear circumstances, most likely he was executed. Vasile, 14 years old, and his mother were left on the roads, without means of subsistence. Eventually, the house is returned to them and they start a new household. But in 1944 he was drafted into the Soviet Army and sent to the front line of the 2nd Belorussian Front, where he was wounded twice, becoming a war invalid, 2nd degree. Returning home in 1948, he found his mother on the road and ill. He dares to ask the authorities for part of the confiscated wealth, to which he receives a threat - that he will be sent in the footsteps of his father. For three years he was persecuted for this "daring", as in 1951, although he defended the Bolshevik country at the cost of his health, he was arrested and convicted. Here, in fact, is what is hidden under this accusation of "treason", imputed to this citizen. In 1956, he was released from detention and sent to Armenia, the city of Yerevan, the place of residence indicated by the camp authorities. For many years in a row he was pursued by the security organs, being far from home, as political prisoners were forbidden to return to their place of residence. Come home later. Through the certificate of 28.02.1992, issued by the Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Moldova, he is rehabilitated at and restored to rights. On July 25, 1991, his father was also rehabilitated.
The clothes on display - the waistcoat and trousers - are part of the prisoners' summer clothes, which also included a round cap, which the museum does not have. They are made of thick cotton fabric. The vest has long sleeves, collar, closes with four buttons, having two patch pockets on the sides. The pants close with buttons, have two side pockets. On both pieces is applied the number "CEE 893" - the holder code of Vasile Cojocaru. Three capital letters and three numbers are written in black paint on a piece of white cloth. The prisoner's number was applied in four places on the coat. One number was applied to the cap, another - to the back of the waistcoat, the third - near the heart, and the fourth - to the trousers, above the right or left knee. These four places, in fact, were also considered as sighting targets, in case the prisoner escaped. The number also applied to prisoners' winter clothes (down jackets, padded trousers, hats). As for footwear, the prisoners wore - in spring, summer and autumn - a kind of large galoshes made of rubberized fabric, less often, kirza boots, and in winter - felt. Usually, new arrivals were given second-hand clothes - old stuff with a terrible smell.
The exhibit has an indisputable museographic value. It gives the public the opportunity to see and understand the consequences of the establishment of the communist totalitarian regime in the SSR. By exhibiting it, we pay tribute to all the victims of the Red Terror in Bessarabia, on the eve of June 13 and July 5-6 - days when the two waves of deportations of our natives took place.
• Nicolae Chetraru, Ilie Borziac, Paleoliticul superior din grota Duruitoarea Veche • Ilie Borziac, Oleg Levițki, Noi materiale paleolitice de la așezarea Trinca - Izvorul lui Luca • Sergiu Covalenco, Analiza comparativă a monumentelor paleolitice superioare Rașcov Vll și VIIl • Sergiu Bodean, Două colecții cucuteniene din fondurile MNIM • Eugen Ușurelu, Noi contribuții cu privire la apariția în spaþiul carpato-dunărean a formelor metalice caracteristice bronzului târziu • Octavian Munteanu, Tipologia și particularitățile complexelor Poienești-Lucașeuca la Orheiul Vechi • Alexandru Levinschi, Considerații asupra începuturilor de locuire a geților în silvostepa Moldovei • Natalia Mateevici, Rolul amforelor grecești în comerțul greco-barbar din spațiul Bugo-Carpatic în sec. Vl - începutul sec. II a. Chr. • Anatol Povestea, O monedã romană descoperită în comuna Ciutești (Nisporeni) • Andrei Bolocan, Tezaurul de siliquae de la Taraclia (Ceadâr-Lunga) • Serghei Kurceatov, Vlad Vornic, Un mormânt cu amforă romană din necropola de la Petrești (Ungheni) • Ion Tentiuc, Aspecte istoriografice privind ritul și ritualul funerar medieval timpuriu din spațiul pruto-nistrean • Emanuil Brihuneț, Vestigii arheologice în moșia comunei Mileștii Mici (laloveni) • Anatolie David, Viorica Pascaru, Fauna stațiunii paleolitice din grota Brânzeni l • Ecaterina Abâzova, Svetlana Reabțeva, Vestimentație de gală din cea de-a doua jumătate a sec. XIV - încep. sec. XVII
II. Istorie
• Eduard Baidaus, Permanențe istorice Bizantine, sau câteva considerente privind predicile lui Kekaumenos • Gabriel Atanasiu, Ctitorii mănăstirii Căluiul, județul Olt • Pavel Parasca, Politică și diplomație la începutul domniei lui Alexandru cel Bun • Andrei Eșanu, Valentina Eșanu, Alte considerente privind vechimea bisericii "Adormirii..." de la Căpriana • Lilia Zabolotnaia, Dreptul femeilor la divorț în Moldova medievală (secXVI-XVII) • Minai Onilă, Serdăria Orheiului • Vlad D. Ghimpu, Cea mai veche biserică din Chișinău • Nicolae Răileanu, Din istoria relațiilor economice internaționale ale Moldovei (sec. XVI-XVII) • Ion Chirtoagă, Modificări în organizarea administrativã a teritoriului Moldovei din stânga Prutului în sec. XVII-XVIII • Valentin Tomuleț, Trăsăturile de bază ale politicii comercial-vamale a țarismului în Basarabia și particularitățile constituirii burgheziei comerciale (1812-1868) • Maria Danilov, Stagiunea actorului ieșean Nicolae Luchian în Basarabia și cenzura țaristă • Dinu Poștarencu, Structura profesională a populației Basarabiei conform recensământului din 1897 • Alexandru Magola, Românii basarabeni - luminători ai Japoniei • Silviu Andrleș-Tabac, Stemele și drapelele satelor Cremenciug, Sobari și Ţarigrad • Dragoș Toma, Ideea securității colective în viziunea lui Nicolae Titulescu și poziția Poloniei • Olga Şcipachina, Reorganizarea fundamentală a sistemului de învățământ în școala de culturã generală în anii 1989-1992 • Nicolae Bulat, Şcoala Normală "P. Maior" din Soroca • Constantin Solomon, Anomia puterii politice în Republica Moldova • Artur Gumeniuc, Colaborarea economicã a Republicii Moldova cu Federația Rusă (1991-2001) • Aurelia Popușoi, Specificul relației individ-stat la etapa actuală în Republica Moldova
III. Muzeologie și muzeografie
• Natalia Chlșcă, Moștenirea paleocreștină în tipologia iconografică creștină • Elena Ploșnița, Un muzeu istorico-militar în viziunea unui guvernator al Basarabiei • Maia Stamati, Casa-Muzeu Alexei Mateevici din Zaim: istorie și perspective • Eugenia Borodac, Tamara Stamatova, La izvoarele învățământului artistic din Basarabia • Silvia Şaranuță, Cornece pentru praf de pușcă • Olga Pulbere, Colecțiile fondurilor areologice ale MNIM • Liubovi Malahova, Psaltire - o carte rară în colecþia MNIM • Nadejda Botea, Mariana Balan, Mobila firmei Jacob și Josef Kohn sf. sec. XIX înc. sec. XX din colecția MNIM • Irina Goncearova, Jetoane de încoronare din colecția MNIM (sec. XIX) • Elena Postică, Vera Stăvilă, Expoziþia muzeală "August 1944 în memoria contemporanilor" • Ecaterina Bondarenco, Laboratorul de conservare și restaurare • Nicolae Demcenco, Necropola armeano-poloneză a municipiului Chișinău: personalități din domeniul artei și științei
IV. Personalități
• Nicolae Chetraru, Maria Pocora - geolog și muzeograf • Ludmila Năstase, N. Rerih și A. Şciusev. Puncte tangențiale în creația meșterilor • Liubovi Reprințeva, Pagini din viața academicianului Ion Dicusar • Nicolae Răileanu, Zinaida Suhov - muzeograf, geolog și geograf • Nicolae Răileanu, Muzeograful și arheologul Gheorghe Sergheev
V. Viața științifică
• Aurelia Cornețchi, Activitatea cultural-științifică a Muzeului Național de Istorie a Moldovei în anul 2004
VI. Omagieri
• Vera Stăvilă, Elena Postică la 50 ani • Alexandru Levinschi, La 60 viața clocotește din plin
VII. Recenzii
• Gheorghe Palade, Aurel Zanoci, N. Chetraru, A. Moraru, N. Răileanu. Nicolae Moroșan – Dramaunui savant. Editura Tyragetia, Ghișinău, 2003, 223 pag. • Maria Danilov, Studii de muzeografie și muzeologie. Omagii lui N. Răileanu la 60 de ani. Vol. 1. Editura Tyragetia, Chișinãu, 2004, 526 pag.
With the establishment of the Soviet regime after the territorial abduction, the Red Terror broke out in Bessarabia. Starting from June 28, 1940, on the territory of Bessarabia, then of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (August 2, 1940), state bodies carried out a series of mass political repressions - under the pretext of political, social, religious and national reasons - in the form of deprivation of freedom, deportation, expulsion and other coercive measures...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
In July 1941, his father, Cojocaru Petru Grigore, born in 1886, was arrested and qualified as an "enemy of the people" (he was a member of the National Peasant Party), all his wealth being confiscated. On August 15, 1942, as a "dangerous social element", he is imprisoned in the correctional camp in the city of Mariinsk, Kemerovo region, where he dies under unclear circumstances, most likely he was executed. Vasile, 14 years old, and his mother were left on the roads, without means of subsistence. Eventually, the house is returned to them and they start a new household. But in 1944 he was drafted into the Soviet Army and sent to the front line of the 2nd Belorussian Front, where he was wounded twice, becoming a war invalid, 2nd degree. Returning home in 1948, he found his mother on the road and ill. He dares to ask the authorities for part of the confiscated wealth, to which he receives a threat - that he will be sent in the footsteps of his father. For three years he was persecuted for this "daring", as in 1951, although he defended the Bolshevik country at the cost of his health, he was arrested and convicted. Here, in fact, is what is hidden under this accusation of "treason", imputed to this citizen. In 1956, he was released from detention and sent to Armenia, the city of Yerevan, the place of residence indicated by the camp authorities. For many years in a row he was pursued by the security organs, being far from home, as political prisoners were forbidden to return to their place of residence. Come home later. Through the certificate of 28.02.1992, issued by the Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Moldova, he is rehabilitated at and restored to rights. On July 25, 1991, his father was also rehabilitated.
31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
