Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany.
Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History.
The typewriter features a standard carriage mounted on ball bearings and rollers, along with a keyboard equipped with 42 keys. These contain two complete sets of Latin and Cyrillic alphabets, punctuation marks, numbers, and mathematical symbols, enabling the typing of 126 characters. Beneath the metal casing, the type bars are arranged in a fan-like pattern, holding embossed characters and ink ribbon rollers. When the keys are pressed, the type bars strike the inked ribbon, imprinting characters onto the paper tensioned in the machine's roller system. The side panels are elegantly decorated with refined cast-iron elements in the Art Nouveau style, displaying the brand name - "Ideal." The Polyglott model, featuring a bilingual keyboard patented in the United Kingdom by Max Klaczko from Riga, Latvia, was produced between 1902 and 1913, marking the first typewriter capable of writing in two languages. The "Ideal Polyglott" typewriter was actively sold in the Russian Empire and gained significant popularity in Poland, Bulgaria, and Serbia. The typewriter - a mechanical device used for printing text directly onto paper - ranks among the most important inventions of the modern era, as it revolutionized communication. From the late 19th century to the early 21st century, it became an indispensable tool, widely used by writers, in offices, for business correspondence, and in private homes. The peak of typewriter sales occurred in the 1950s when the average annual sales in the United States reached 12 million units. In November 2012, the British Brother factory produced what it claimed to be the last typewriter, which was donated to the Science Museum in London. The advent of computers, word processing software, printers, and the decreasing cost of these technologies led to the typewriter's disappearance from the mainstream market, turning it into a museum exhibit. June 23 marks Typewriter Day, commemorating the date when American journalist and inventor Christopher Latham Sholes patented his typewriter. This day celebrates the simple yet revolutionary device that has become history, as well as the remarkable literary achievements it has enabled since 1868.
Robin Brigand, Andrei Asăndulesei, Ionuț Nicu Cristi
Autour de la station éponyme de Cucuteni: paysage et peuplement (Valea Oii, Iași, Roumanie)
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VIII [XXIII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
Ландшафт и поселения вокруг эпонимной стоянки культуры Кукутень (Валя Оий, Яссы, Румыния)
В рамках общего подхода к археологическим памятникам на основе развития инструментов геоматики (ГИС), данная статья посвящена изучению энеолитического населения в пределах бассейна, имеющего четкие границы и представляющего известность в европейской преистории: Валя Оий («Овечья долина») в Ясском уезде (Румыния), где 130 лет назад была обнаружена эпонимная стоянка культуры Кукутень. В контексте устойчивого развития и рационального использования природных ресурсов это исследование претендует на методологический подход к изучению ландшафта и энеолитического населения Молдовы (Румыния).
Список иллюстраций:
Таб. 1. Таблица археологических памятников. Географические координаты, выделенные жирным шрифтом, были определены с использованием GPS. Рис. 1. Археологическая карта бассейна Валя Оий с поселениями культурного комплекса Прекукутень-Кукутень. Рис. 2. Валя Оий и Молдова: количество памятников по периоду (%). Рис. 3. Наклонные аэрофотоснимки - Филиаши-Дялул Маре (№ 5) и Кукутень-Четэцуе (№ 20). Рис. 4. Керамика с памятника Боурень-Дялул Хыртопулуй (№ 9). Рис. 5. Анализ по множеству критериев (склон и экспозиция склонов). Рис. 6. Ландшафтные единицы и контекст поселений (1). Рис. 7. Многомерный анализ. Рис. 8. Ландшафтные единицы и контекст поселений (2). Рис. 9. Расположение 26 поселений в факторном плане. Рис. 10. Классификация памятников по топографическим переменным. Рис. 11. Общая видимость и центральность по степени (CD, degree centrality) графа видимости (Кукутень A и неопределенный). Рис. 12. Центральность по посредничеству (CI, betweeness centrality) графа видимости (Кукутень A и неопределенный).
Robin Brigand
Centuriations romaines dans la plaine de Venise
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VI [XXI], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany. Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.