#Exhibit of the Month

Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany.

Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History.

The typewriter features a standard carriage mounted on ball bearings and rollers, along with a keyboard equipped with 42 keys. These contain two complete sets of Latin and Cyrillic alphabets, punctuation marks, numbers, and mathematical symbols, enabling the typing of 126 characters. Beneath the metal casing, the type bars are arranged in a fan-like pattern, holding embossed characters and ink ribbon rollers. When the keys are pressed, the type bars strike the inked ribbon, imprinting characters onto the paper tensioned in the machine's roller system.

The side panels are elegantly decorated with refined cast-iron elements in the Art Nouveau style, displaying the brand name - "Ideal." The Polyglott model, featuring a bilingual keyboard patented in the United Kingdom by Max Klaczko from Riga, Latvia, was produced between 1902 and 1913, marking the first typewriter capable of writing in two languages. The "Ideal Polyglott" typewriter was actively sold in the Russian Empire and gained significant popularity in Poland, Bulgaria, and Serbia.
The typewriter - a mechanical device used for printing text directly onto paper - ranks among the most important inventions of the modern era, as it revolutionized communication. From the late 19th century to the early 21st century, it became an indispensable tool, widely used by writers, in offices, for business correspondence, and in private homes. The peak of typewriter sales occurred in the 1950s when the average annual sales in the United States reached 12 million units. In November 2012, the British Brother factory produced what it claimed to be the last typewriter, which was donated to the Science Museum in London.
The advent of computers, word processing software, printers, and the decreasing cost of these technologies led to the typewriter's disappearance from the mainstream market, turning it into a museum exhibit.
June 23 marks Typewriter Day, commemorating the date when American journalist and inventor Christopher Latham Sholes patented his typewriter. This day celebrates the simple yet revolutionary device that has become history, as well as the remarkable literary achievements it has enabled since 1868.

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Publications

Journal „Tyragetia"

vol. VIII [XXIII], nr. 1

Bronze objects found in the settlements of Noua-Sabatinovka type in the Prut-Dniester area

ISSN 1857-0240
E-ISSN 2537-6330

Mariana Sîrbu

Bronze objects found in the settlements of Noua-Sabatinovka type in the Prut-Dniester area

Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VIII [XXIII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică

This article summarizes the metal objects that have been discovered within the settlements of Noua-Sabatinovka cultural complex in the Prut-Dniester area from 1950s to the present. In comparison with other typical for these cultures objects made of other materials (bone, stone, clay), the number of bronze objects is smaller. This situation is quite natural, given the scarcity and cost of bronze during the Late Bronze Age.

According to archaeological research conducted in the Prut-Dniester area up to now, there are known 112 objects of bronze : needles - 38, owls - 23, rods - 8 , sickles - 8 , bracelets - 6, plaques - 5, pendants - 5, chain links - 5, wires with one end twisted in spiral - 4, plates - 3, daggers - 2, arrowheads - 2, celts - 1, chisel - 1, battle axe - 1.

List of illustrations:

Fig. 1. Map of the Noua-Sabatinovka type settlements, in which bronze objects were discovered: 1 - Ostrivec; 2 - Čertivec; 3 - Stecivka; 4 - Mahala; 5 - Slobozia-Șireuți; 6 - Odaia-Miciurin; 7 - Petrușeni; 8 - Ghindești; 9 - Roșieticii Vechi; 10 - Cobîlnea; 11 - Grigoreuca; 12 - Bălăbănești; 13 - Hansca; 14 - Mereni; 15 - Gura Galbenei; 16 - Cucoara; 17 - Novoselica; 18 - Pivdenne.
Fig. 2. Tools. Celt: 1 - Pivdenne (after Черняков 1966, рис. 5). Chisel: 2 - Mahala (after Балагурi 1971, рис. 111/8). Sickles: 3 - Hansca (after Дергачев 1986, рис. 45/15); 4 - Mahala (after Смирнова 1969, 15, рис. 7/I 28); 5 - Roșieticii Vechi (after Мелюкова 1958, табл. XXVIII/1); 6-10 - Stecivka (after Крушельницка 2006, рис. 29/7-11).
Fig. 3. Utensils. Simple needles: 1, 4, 12 - Ghindești (after Мелюкова 1961, рис. 12/ 9, 10, 11,); 2, 3, 6, 7, 9 - Odaia-Miciurin (after Сава, Кайзер 2011, рис. 72/5, 7, 8, 15, 16); 5, 11 - Ostrivec (after Балагурi 1968, рис. 3/3, 4);
8 - Petrușeni (after Sava 1994, fi g. 5/28); 10, 13 - Cucoara (Sava 1994, fi g. 6/28, 33). Awl/chisel: 14, 15, 17, 20, 27 - Odaia-Miciurin (after Сава, Кайзер 2011, рис. 72/1, 6, 9, 17, 18); 19 - Cocoara (after Бейлекчи 1974, рис. 4/4). Awls: 16 - Bălăbănești (after Никулицэ 1983, рис. 5/20); 18 - Odaia-Miciurin (after Сава, Кайзер 2011, рис. 72/20); 21 - Cobâlnea (after Демченко, Левицкий 1992, рис. 3/5); 22 - Ghindești (after Мелюкова 1961, рис. 12/1); 23, 24, 28 - Ostrivec (after Балагурi 1968, рис. 3/6, 14, 20); 25 - Stecivka (after Крушельницка 2006, рис. 21/12); 26 - Gura Galbenei (after Дергачев 1986, рис. 51/4), 29 - Petrușeni (after Sava 1994, fig. 5/30).
Fig. 4. Adornments. Hairpins: 1, 15, 22 - Odaia-Miciurin (after Сава, Кайзер 2011, рис. 72/2, 3); 2, 4, 17, 25 - Ghindești (after Мелюкова 1961, рис. 12/2, 3, 5-7); 3, 16 - Mahala (Смирнова 1957, рис. 39/8, Смирнова 1976, рис. 2/5); 5, 6 8-10, 19, 23, 24 - Ostrivec (after Балагурi 1968, рис. 3/1, 2, 7-13); 7 - Gura Galbenă (after Дергачев 1986, рис. 51/3); 11 - Hansca (after Каврук 1985, рис. 3/1); 12 - Bălăbănești (after Никулица 1983, рис. 5/21); 13 - Petrușeni (after Sava 1994, fig. 5/29); 14 - Slobozia-Şireuți (after Deргачев 1969, таб. 3/17); 18 - Roșieticii Vechi (after Мелюкова 1961, рис. 12/3); 26 - Čertivec (Крушельницка 2006, рис. 17/10).
Fig. 5. Adornments. Plaques: 1 - Ghindești (after Мелюкова 1961, рис. 12/4); 2 - Ostrivec (after Балагурi 1968, рис. 3/19); 3 - Cobâlnea (after Демченко, Левицкий 1992, рис. 2/12) 4 - Odaia-Miciurin (after Сава, Кайзер 2011, рис. 72/25). Pendants: 5, 7 - Ghindești (after Дергачев 2012b, илл. 8/23, 24); 6 - Ostrivec (after Балагурi 1968, рис. 3/8); 8 - Mahala (after Смирнова 1969, 15, рис. 7/I 21); 9 - Odaia-Miciurin (after Сава, Кайзер 2011, рис. 72/26). Bracelets: 10, 13 - Ostrivec (after Балагурi 1968, рис. 3/15, 16); 14 - Ghindești (after Мелюкова 1961, рис. 12/12); 15 - Roșieticii Vechi (after Мелюкова 1961, рис. 12/8). Ornaments: 11 - Odaia-Miciurin (after Сава, Кайзер 2011, рис. 72/27); 12 - Ostivec (after Балагурi 1968, рис. 3/22).
Fig. 6. Weapons. Arrowheads: 1 - Cocoara (Sava 1994, fi g. 6/30); 2 - Novoselica (after Тощев, Черняков 1986, 128, рис. 6/4); 3 - Mahala (after Смирнова 1969, рис. 7/I, 24). Daggers: 4 - Mereni (after Sava 2002, fi g. 3/8); 5 - Mahala (after Смирнова 1969, рис. 7/I, 29). Battle axe: 6 - Stecivka (after Крушельницка 2006, рис. 29/6).

Mariana Sîrbu

Manufacture of items of hard materials of animal origin during the Late Bronze Age (the Noua-Sabatinovka cultural complex)

Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. V [XX], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică

Mariana Sîrbu, Veaceslav Bicbaev

A pit of the Late Bronze Age discovered near the lake of Valea Morilor in Chișinău

Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. X [XXV], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică

Eugen Sava, Mariana Sîrbu

The „ashpit” settlements in the basin of Răut (Catalog)

Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. III [XVIII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică

Mariana Sîrbu

Complementing the data on the collection of stone artifacts found at the first studied settlement of the Noua culture on the territory of the Republic of Moldova

Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. XVI [XXXI], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică, Chişinău, 2022