The music is recorded on a cylinder with pins. The interior is divided into three compartments: the first contains the crank and the mechanism that operates the cylinder with pins, the second - the cylinder with pins and vibrating lamellae, and the third - two levers for starting and stopping the melody. The cylinder holds seven melodies by W.A. Mozart, which are played through the vibration of steel teeth arranged in a comb, whose tips are adjacent to the cylinder. The lid of the box features floral marquetry on its outer surface. This cultural asset is classified under the "Tezaur" category.
The Story of Musical Boxes
Musical boxes originated in Switzerland at the end of the 18th century. In 1796, watchmaker Antoine Favre-Salomon invented a pocket watch with an incorporated musical mechanism, using the principle of tuned metal lamellae. The invention quickly spread, soon leading to the creation of musical boxes independent of watches.
Initially invented and built for the salon entertainment of the aristocracy, musical boxes quickly evolved, capturing the market and public interest with these entertainment machines. The musical box industry was predominantly centered in Switzerland. Geneva remains the cradle of the musical box, even though the art of crafting these musical wonders spread to other regions of Switzerland - such as Jura, Auberson, and Sainte Croix - and later to other countries, including France, Germany, and Czechoslovakia. Some of the most notable manufacturers of musical boxes include: Mermod Frères, Paillard, Reuge, Thorens, Cuendet, Junod, Nicole Frères, Ducommun-Girod, Brémond, and L'Epee.
The musical box operated on a relatively simple principle: a cylinder with pins (cylindrical pins) would, through rotation, actuate a metal "comb" tuned to specific musical notes, both being concealed from view in one of the box's compartments. By turning the cylinder - with the help of a spring mechanism (similar to that of watches) - the pins would strike the steel "teeth" of the comb, causing them to vibrate and produce different musical notes. A musical box could have a limited number of melodies "programmed" onto the cylinder - from 4 to 12.
Over time, the cylinders were replaced with interchangeable metal discs. Based on this operating principle, large musical boxes emerged in cafés and taverns, which could be activated by inserting a coin, allowing users to select their preferred disc.
Besides the ingenious mechanism, musical boxes also stood out for the artistry of their exterior decorations, featuring materials such as precious woods, mother-of-pearl, ivory, and metal.
The decline of musical boxes began with the invention of the phonograph (1877) and the gramophone (1887). Production continued for a while, but by the early 20th century, most renowned companies had abandoned the business and started manufacturing other mechanical musical instruments.
Graphic representations in Romanian archaeology. An overview regarding Late Iron Age dwellings
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. IX [XXIV], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică Chișinău, 2015
Графические изображения в румынской археологии. Обзор жилищ позднего железного века
Резюме
В данной статье сделана попытка продемонстрировать значимость графических изображений на основе обзора жилищ, обнаруженных в Мунтении на поселениях II века до н.э. - I века н.э. Не углубляясь в классификацию или типологизацию данных комплексов или поселений, автор статьи рассматривает, каким образом были проиллюстрированы жилищные комплексы позднего железного века, и выявляет значение рассмотренных иллюстраций для понимания этих памятников.
Список иллюстраций: Рис. 1. Карта с указанием мест, где были обнаружены, идентифицированы или задокументированы жилищные структуры. Рис. 2. «Элитный» жилищный комплекс в Попешть: a - участок «W» (по Vulpe 2004-2005, 25, fig. 3); b - реконструкция, сделанная Д. Антонеску в 1978 г. (по Vulpe 2004-2005, 29, fig. 7). Рис. 3. «Элитный» жилищный комплекс в Попешть: a - реконструкция «дома с крыльцом» (по Antonescu 1984, 26, fig. 12); b - реконструкция всего участка (по Antonescu 1984, 183, рис. 103). Рис. 4. Кырломэнэшть «Четэцуя»: a - изображения памятников, найденных в 1972-1973 гг. (по Măgureanu 2014, 254-257, fig. 4-7); b - изображения сооружений, найденных во время недавних раскопк (по Matei, Măgureanu 2014, 240, fig. 12). Рис. 5. Грэдиштя «Мовила Крестатэ»: а - изображение помещения № 17 (по Sîrbu 2004, 100, fig. 6); b - изображение помещения № 9 (по Sîrbu 1996, 162, fig. 6). Рис. 6. a - Нижний и верхний жилые слои в Бордушань «Попина» (по Trohani 2005, pl. 5); b - жилища №№ 8 и 11 из Брагадиру (по Turcu 1979, fig. 8). Рис. 7. Различные изображения жилищных структур: a - Кирноджи (по Trohani 1975a, 131, fig. 5); b - Влэдичаска (по Trohani 1976, fig. 2); c - Бухарест «Алея Скровиштя» (по Alexandrescu et al. 2007, pl. 4); d - Бухарест «Бэняса Лак» (по Măgureanu, Bojică 2007, fig. 3). Рис. 8. Изображения жилищных структур из Кэсчиоареле «Валя Кошарулуй» (по Sîrbu et al. 1996, 257, fig. 80).
The music is recorded on a cylinder with pins. The interior is divided into three compartments: the first contains the crank and the mechanism that operates the cylinder with pins, the second - the cylinder with pins and vibrating lamellae, and the third - two levers for starting and stopping the melody...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
