Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany.
Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History.
The typewriter features a standard carriage mounted on ball bearings and rollers, along with a keyboard equipped with 42 keys. These contain two complete sets of Latin and Cyrillic alphabets, punctuation marks, numbers, and mathematical symbols, enabling the typing of 126 characters. Beneath the metal casing, the type bars are arranged in a fan-like pattern, holding embossed characters and ink ribbon rollers. When the keys are pressed, the type bars strike the inked ribbon, imprinting characters onto the paper tensioned in the machine's roller system. The side panels are elegantly decorated with refined cast-iron elements in the Art Nouveau style, displaying the brand name - "Ideal." The Polyglott model, featuring a bilingual keyboard patented in the United Kingdom by Max Klaczko from Riga, Latvia, was produced between 1902 and 1913, marking the first typewriter capable of writing in two languages. The "Ideal Polyglott" typewriter was actively sold in the Russian Empire and gained significant popularity in Poland, Bulgaria, and Serbia. The typewriter - a mechanical device used for printing text directly onto paper - ranks among the most important inventions of the modern era, as it revolutionized communication. From the late 19th century to the early 21st century, it became an indispensable tool, widely used by writers, in offices, for business correspondence, and in private homes. The peak of typewriter sales occurred in the 1950s when the average annual sales in the United States reached 12 million units. In November 2012, the British Brother factory produced what it claimed to be the last typewriter, which was donated to the Science Museum in London. The advent of computers, word processing software, printers, and the decreasing cost of these technologies led to the typewriter's disappearance from the mainstream market, turning it into a museum exhibit. June 23 marks Typewriter Day, commemorating the date when American journalist and inventor Christopher Latham Sholes patented his typewriter. This day celebrates the simple yet revolutionary device that has become history, as well as the remarkable literary achievements it has enabled since 1868.
Graphic representations in Romanian archaeology. An overview regarding Late Iron Age dwellings
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. IX [XXIV], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică Chișinău, 2015
Графические изображения в румынской археологии. Обзор жилищ позднего железного века
Резюме
В данной статье сделана попытка продемонстрировать значимость графических изображений на основе обзора жилищ, обнаруженных в Мунтении на поселениях II века до н.э. - I века н.э. Не углубляясь в классификацию или типологизацию данных комплексов или поселений, автор статьи рассматривает, каким образом были проиллюстрированы жилищные комплексы позднего железного века, и выявляет значение рассмотренных иллюстраций для понимания этих памятников.
Список иллюстраций: Рис. 1. Карта с указанием мест, где были обнаружены, идентифицированы или задокументированы жилищные структуры. Рис. 2. «Элитный» жилищный комплекс в Попешть: a - участок «W» (по Vulpe 2004-2005, 25, fig. 3); b - реконструкция, сделанная Д. Антонеску в 1978 г. (по Vulpe 2004-2005, 29, fig. 7). Рис. 3. «Элитный» жилищный комплекс в Попешть: a - реконструкция «дома с крыльцом» (по Antonescu 1984, 26, fig. 12); b - реконструкция всего участка (по Antonescu 1984, 183, рис. 103). Рис. 4. Кырломэнэшть «Четэцуя»: a - изображения памятников, найденных в 1972-1973 гг. (по Măgureanu 2014, 254-257, fig. 4-7); b - изображения сооружений, найденных во время недавних раскопк (по Matei, Măgureanu 2014, 240, fig. 12). Рис. 5. Грэдиштя «Мовила Крестатэ»: а - изображение помещения № 17 (по Sîrbu 2004, 100, fig. 6); b - изображение помещения № 9 (по Sîrbu 1996, 162, fig. 6). Рис. 6. a - Нижний и верхний жилые слои в Бордушань «Попина» (по Trohani 2005, pl. 5); b - жилища №№ 8 и 11 из Брагадиру (по Turcu 1979, fig. 8). Рис. 7. Различные изображения жилищных структур: a - Кирноджи (по Trohani 1975a, 131, fig. 5); b - Влэдичаска (по Trohani 1976, fig. 2); c - Бухарест «Алея Скровиштя» (по Alexandrescu et al. 2007, pl. 4); d - Бухарест «Бэняса Лак» (по Măgureanu, Bojică 2007, fig. 3). Рис. 8. Изображения жилищных структур из Кэсчиоареле «Валя Кошарулуй» (по Sîrbu et al. 1996, 257, fig. 80).
Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany. Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The side panels are elegantly decorated with refined cast-iron elements in the Art Nouveau style, displaying the brand name - "Ideal." The Polyglott model, featuring a bilingual keyboard patented in the United Kingdom by Max Klaczko from Riga, Latvia, was produced between 1902 and 1913, marking the first typewriter capable of writing in two languages. The "Ideal Polyglott" typewriter was actively sold in the Russian Empire and gained significant popularity in Poland, Bulgaria, and Serbia.
31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
