This clay vessel was discovered in 1982 by archaeologist V. Sorochin during excavations of a burial mound (no. 1) located in the village of Speia, Dubăsari District. It originates from grave no. 5 and is dated to the 4th millennium BC, belonging to the Usatovo culture. The vessel was found in a child's grave. The burial pit had an oval shape, and the deceased was laid in a crouched position (similar to the fetal posture), on the left side. A total of five vessels were uncovered in this grave: three near the back, one at the feet, and one in the pelvic area. The cultural attribution of this funerary complex was determined based on the burial rite and grave goods. This culture is characterized by the specific construction of the burial pit, as well as the positioning and orientation of the deceased toward the east and northeast. The vessel is shaped from clay mixed with finely crushed shell. Its walls curve gradually toward the top, with the widest diameter at the shoulder area. It has a short neck, a slightly flared rim, and a flat base. The surface is carefully polished, in some areas to a lustrous finish. The interior is reddish-brown, while the exterior is yellowish-brown with gray spots. The rim features groups of perforations, three of which are preserved in their original state. The diameter of the holes is 0.35 cm. The space between the groups of perforations is decorated with cord impressions. The transition from the neck to the shoulder is adorned with three horizontal lines made with cord, from which, in five places, three vertical lines descend, each 5 cm long, executed using the same technique. At the time of discovery, these lines were filled with a white paste. The space between the groups of lines is decorated at the top with short vertical lines (0.5 cm long), and in the center with a meander ornament made of two parallel lines impressed with cord. The base of the vessel retains the imprint of a textile. Vessel dimensions: Height: 22 cm; Rim diameter: 15.7 cm; Maximum diameter: 22 cm; Base diameter: 10 cm.
Abstract: The sons of Voivode Szasz moved to Hungary after Bohdan had possessed a position of Moldavian Voivode in 1359 and started an open conflict with Hungarian Crown. As a kind of reimbursement, they have possessed high positions here and became the owners of extensive property.
Within a short period of time they have taken possession of Kővár, Beltek, Erdőd domains as well as property in Máramaros. They became one of the most influential nobles of Hungary. They had received pro honore Nyalab domain with the center in the castle of Korolevo from the king Louis in 70s of the 14th century and governed it as the Counts of Ugocsa County. After Balk's death the castle had to be returned to the king. However, descendants of Moldavian nobles had refused to leave fortifications and started property disputes among themselves.
Perényi Péter, new Count of Ugocsa County, has started to govern the castle in 1402. He had taken advantage of the absence of ownership confirmation document and legally formalized his hereditary ownership in 1405. Dragffy family had continued a lawsuit for about hundred years, and even resorted to openly criminal activity in 70s of the 15th century when they forged the royal charter sealed by king.
A little bit more than 20 years long presence of the descendants of Moldavian Voivode Szasz at Korolevo castle of Nyalab is minimally displayed by archeological materials of the monument. As for today, given chronological range contains only one object at the castle - pit 1 horizon III excavation ІІ (room 1, study of 2013). Small ceramic fragments, remains of three vessels, and unfinished product made of bone have been found in it.
List of illustrations: Fig. 1. Koroleve. Central part of Nyalab castle. Fig. 2. Forged in 1470s Granting charter of 1378 of the king Louis to Drag and Janos Olah on Nyalab domain ownership (State Archive of Hungary / Magyar Országos Levéltár, Budapest, DL26566). Fig. 3. Korolevo castle of Nyalab. Test pit 3 (view from west). Fig. 4. The first page and a colophon of Korolevo Tetra-Gospel, 1401 (Zakarpattya Museum of Local History). Fig. 5. Korolevo castle of Nyalab. Plan of excavation ІІ and section of test pit1. Fig. 6. Korolevo castle of Nyalab. Pit 1, excavation ІІ (view from west). Fig. 7. Korolevo castle of Nyalab. Pit 1, excavation ІІ (view from east). Fig. 8. Korolevo castle of Nyalab. Pit 1, excavation ІІ. Jug. Fig. 9. Korolevo castle of Nyalab. Pit 1, excavation ІІ. Ceramics (1-2) and bone-made product (3). Fig. 10. Korolevo castle of Nyalab. Pit 1, excavation ІІ. Ceramics.
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This clay vessel was discovered in 1982 by archaeologist V. Sorochin during excavations of a burial mound (no. 1) located in the village of Speia, Dubăsari District. It originates from grave no. 5 and is dated to the 4th millennium BC, belonging to the Usatovo culture...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
