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#Exhibit of the Month

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Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany.

Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History.

The typewriter features a standard carriage mounted on ball bearings and rollers, along with a keyboard equipped with 42 keys. These contain two complete sets of Latin and Cyrillic alphabets, punctuation marks, numbers, and mathematical symbols, enabling the typing of 126 characters. Beneath the metal casing, the type bars are arranged in a fan-like pattern, holding embossed characters and ink ribbon rollers. When the keys are pressed, the type bars strike the inked ribbon, imprinting characters onto the paper tensioned in the machine's roller system.
The side panels are elegantly decorated with refined cast-iron elements in the Art Nouveau style, displaying the brand name - "Ideal." The Polyglott model, featuring a bilingual keyboard patented in the United Kingdom by Max Klaczko from Riga, Latvia, was produced between 1902 and 1913, marking the first typewriter capable of writing in two languages. The "Ideal Polyglott" typewriter was actively sold in the Russian Empire and gained significant popularity in Poland, Bulgaria, and Serbia.
The typewriter - a mechanical device used for printing text directly onto paper - ranks among the most important inventions of the modern era, as it revolutionized communication. From the late 19th century to the early 21st century, it became an indispensable tool, widely used by writers, in offices, for business correspondence, and in private homes. The peak of typewriter sales occurred in the 1950s when the average annual sales in the United States reached 12 million units. In November 2012, the British Brother factory produced what it claimed to be the last typewriter, which was donated to the Science Museum in London.
The advent of computers, word processing software, printers, and the decreasing cost of these technologies led to the typewriter's disappearance from the mainstream market, turning it into a museum exhibit.
June 23 marks Typewriter Day, commemorating the date when American journalist and inventor Christopher Latham Sholes patented his typewriter. This day celebrates the simple yet revolutionary device that has become history, as well as the remarkable literary achievements it has enabled since 1868.

Virtual Tour


Publications Journal „Tyragetia"   vol. IX [XXIV], nr. 1


Élements defensifs dans la fortification gete du Horodca Mare, districte Hâncești
ISSN 1857-0240
E-ISSN 2537-6330

Élements defensifs dans la fortification gete du Horodca Mare, districte Hâncești

Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. IX [XXIV], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică Chișinău, 2015

Résumé

Bien que connu depuis près d’un siècle, la fortifi cation de Horodca Mare, Hâncești, n’a pas atteint les chercheurs que depuis quelques années maintenant. En outre, les interprétations occasionnelles de certains de mes collègues ont tendance à exclure le site de la liste des fortifi cations Gète, en faisant valoir sa position en l’absence de tous les indicateurs palpables de caractère défensif. Cette position est doublement regrettable, car il est venu à négliger les opinions exprimées par les archéologues des générations précédentes. Par conséquent, essayer de récupérer les arguments en faveur de caractère défensif du site du promontoire La Cetate (sic!), nous avons rassemblé et analysé les informations provenant de plusieurs sources, ainsi que les résultats de la recherche sur le terrain que nous avons menée en collaboration avec des collègues de l’Université Pédagogique de Chisinau. De cette façon, on a retourné aux collègues les arguments qui démontrent la nature défensive du site, suivie de la présentation des éléments caractéristiques défensifs qui ont été étudié au Horodca Mare.

Liste des figures: Fig. 1. 1 - Orthophotocarte avec l’emplacement des fortifications Horodca Mare et Horodca Mica. Vue de l’ouest (Google Earht + PRO); 2 - vue des fortifi cations Horodca Mare et Horodca Mica. Vue du sud. Fig. 2. La carte avec l’emplacement du village Horodca Moldavie. Fig. 3. Horodca Mare. Vue de la pointe nord-est. Fig. 4. Orthophotocarte avec l’emplacement des fortifi cations Horodca Mare et Horodca Mica. Vue de nord-est (Google Earht + PRO). Fig. 5. Vue sur le promontoiare avec l’emplacement de la forteresse Horodca Mare (Orthophotocarte). Fig. 6. Horodca Mare. Orthophotos. Localisation systèmes défensifs potentiels (Google Earht + PRO). Fig. 7. Horodca Mica. Vue du système défensif: A - partie du sud-est; B - Sud. C - Vue du système défensif de l’extérieur; D - Vue du bastion de l’extérieur. Fig. 8. Horodca Mare. Plan magnétomètrique. Fig. 9. Horodca Mare. Vue sur le système défensif située dans le nord-est du promontoire. Fig. 10 . Orthophotocarte d’emplacement de la section tracée à travers le système défensif Horodca Mare. Fig. 11. Horodca Mare. 1 - plan du section №V et №VI dans les carrés A4-A8; 2 - profi l du Sud-Est (inversé) dans la section №VI, les carrés A4-A8. Fig. 12. Horodca Mare. 1 - plan du section №V et №VI dans les carrés A4-A8; 2 - profi l du Nord-Ouest (inversé) dans la section №VI, les carrés A4-A8. Fig 13. Horodca Mare. 1 - plan du section №V et №VI; 2 - profi l du Nord-Ouest dans la section №°V, les carrés A1-A12. Fig. 14. Horodca Mare. Section №V: 1 - aperçu de couche de sol brûlé en combinaison avec de l’argile et de pierres brûlées; 2 - détail. Fig. 15. Horodca Mare. Aperçu sur la maison №10 du nord-est: 1 - la partie exploré dans Section №VI; 2 - la partie explorer dans Section №V. Fig. 16. Horodca Mare. Aperçu sur la maison №10 du sud-ouest: 1 - la partie exploré dans Section №V; 2 - la partie explorer dans Section №VI. Fig. 17. Horodca Mare. Les objets en fer trouvé dans la section №V: 1, 2, 5, 6 - dans la couche culturelle; 3, 4 -  dans le complexe №10. Fig. 18. Horodca Mare. Verticilles trouvés dans la couche culturelle de la section №VI. Fig. 19. Horodca Mare. La fosse №12: 1 - plan au niveau de la détection; 2 - profi l après l’enlèvement de la couche de remplissage. Fig. 20. Horodca Mare. La fosse №11.

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Discoveries with cult significance from the Late Bronze Age settlement of Ulmu
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. XI [XXVI], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică



 

 

Independent Moldova
Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
Bessarabia and MASSR between the Two World Wars
Bessarabia and Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the Period between the Two World Wars
Revival of National Movement
Time of Reforms and their Consequences
Abolition of Autonomy. Bessarabia – a New Tsarist Colony
Period of Relative Autonomy of Bessarabia within the Russian Empire
Phanariot Regime
Golden Age of the Romanian Culture
Struggle for Maintaining of Independence of Moldova
Formation of Independent Medieval State of Moldova
Era of the
Great Nomad Migrations
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Iron Age and Antiquity
Bronze Age
Aeneolithic Age
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#Exhibit of the Month

Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany. Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History...

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2025 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

 



The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2025 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2025 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC