#Exhibit of the Month

Bronze cauldrons of the Scythian time are rare in the Northern Black Sea region, especially on its western borders. Therefore, those few items found on the territory of the Republic of Moldova occupy a worthy place in the collection of the National Museum of History of Moldova (NMHM). In particular, in the archaeological exhibition, two bronze cauldrons are displayed, discovered near the village of Nicolscoe in 1988 in burial mounds no. 14 and 15. In addition, in 2020, two bronze cauldrons without any accompanying documents were found in the collection of NMHM; however, they were visually identified as coming from various excavations in the Low Dniester region, such as burial mound no. 45 near Dubăsari and burial mound no. 1 near the Răscăieții Noi village.

The object presented as the exhibit of the month is a little-known find discovered in 1979 in barrow 1 near the village of Răscăieții Noi in the Ștefan Vodă district. In addition to its outstanding size (about 10 m high), this mound is known for discovering a cast bronze finial in the Scythian animal style on its surface in 1953. However, by the beginning of excavations, the locals had damaged part of the mound and a Scythian cast bronze cauldron was found near it. The cauldron was seriously damaged by mechanical impact, as a result of which the rim was deformed, and the walls, with one preserved vertical handle, were bent inwards. Fragments in the upper part of the body and one handle have been lost. The total reconstructed height of the cauldron is 24 cm (excluding the handles), the reconstructed diameter of the hemispherical cauldron is 30 cm, and the weight is 6.5 kg. In 2020, data on the chemical composition of the bronze cauldron alloy were obtained, revealing that it was cast from an alloy of almost 95 per cent copper. Unfortunately, due to the loss of information on the context of the discovery of the cauldron at Răscăieții Noi, it is impossible to link its discovery with one or another Scythian burial of the barrow. Moreover, the grave goods of other Scythian burials of Barrow 1 do not allow them to date below the 4th century BC. However, the cauldron with vertical handles from Răscăieții Noi most likely belongs earlier. This may be indicated by a bronze finial from the first half of the 5th century BC, which was found on this barrow in 1953. In addition, burial 7 from the nearest excavated barrow 2 at Răscăieții Noi, containing a plaque depicting a rolled predator (a copy of which is also on display at the NMHM), belongs to the mid- 5th century BC. Thus, there is a high probability that the cauldron from Barrow 1 at Răscăieții Noi is associated with the late Middle Scythian period or the mid-5th century BC.

Scythian bronze cauldrons in the west area are concentrated in three main regions: Bukovina-Podolia, the Lower Danube, and the Lower Dniester. Some Scythian cauldrons have no reliable archaeological context. Nevertheless, in combination with the same "stray" finds like the Scythian statues, the finds of Scythian cauldrons mark the Scythian presence, most likely not earlier than the late 6th century or even the turn of the 6th-5th centuries BC. The cauldrons first appeared in Bukovina, where they have been known since the middle of the 7th century BC. Bronze cauldrons (with their carriers) entered the steppe region 150-200 years later, and the "military" burials that appeared in the western steppe regions were no earlier than the middle of the 5th century BC. Most burials with cauldrons (and, apparently, the stray finds) are dated back to the second half of the 5th century BC. Then, in the early 4th century BC, their quantity was reduced, and after the first quarter of the 4th century BC, they completely disappeared from the cultural practice of the population of the steppes of the North-Western Black Sea region.

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Publications

Journal „Tyragetia"

vol. VI [XXI], nr. 2

ISSN 1857-0240
E-ISSN 2537-6330

Vera Serjant

Newspaper "Novaya Gazeta" and its role in the development of advertising in Bessarabia

Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VI [XXI], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie

The present article is based on the study of newspapers “Novaya Gazeta” from the collections of NMAIM and the library of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, the only institutions in the country where you can find this publication. The purpose of this study is to elucidate its specific features and role in the development of newspaper advertising in Bessarabia. In the period of time from 1910 to 1916, the number of newspapers published in Bessarabia, particularly in the capital of the province – the city of Chisinau, significantly increased. We focus our attention on more detailed information regarding the occurrence of a newspaper, which was “more special”, in our opinion. It is the weekly newspaper “Novaya Gazeta” (The New Gazette) published in Chisinau by G. Kalmanson from 1911 to 1913. We call it “more special” because it was intended mainly for the publication of advertisements. Few feuilletons or sections of local and foreign news, which occupied a small place and had ordinary subjects, in fact, just masked the real purpose of this newspaper. Merchant G. Kalmanson managed to publish a newspaper which had a fairly large circulation among the wealthy public, providing space for advertisements. There have been placed advertisements of the most famous trading houses, shops, restaurants, hotels, hairdressers, photographic workshops, banking offices, factories, and so on, both from Chisinau and abroad. In this newspaper G. Kalmanson himself was advertising his goods: cars, bikes, traditional and roller skates, phonographs, carbide. The newspaper successfully resisted the onslaught of competi- tion and censorship, and was published for two years.

G. Kalmanson fulfilled orders on clichés for firms, stores, and other establishments, that is one way or another had to deal with advertising already. However, publishing by him of this newspaper is the evidence that advertising has become for him a very profitable business, and allows us to consider him one of the few people who have contributed to the development of advertising in Bessarabia in the early 20th century.

List of illustrations:
1. Newspaper “Novaya Gazeta”, no. 30, June 1912 (overview of pages 1 and 4).
2. Front page of the newspaper “Novaya Gazeta”, no. 12, February 1912.
3. Ad units of the bakery of S. Tumanov, the store of church utensils of D. Spynulov, and the icon workshop of E. Prokhorenko. “Novaya Gazeta”, no. 12, February 1912, page 1.
4. Ad units of the haberdashery shop of K. Yurkovskaya, the sewing workshop of I. Lyubelsky-Menshchik, the bakery of A.I. Filatov, and Zingher photographic studio. “Novaya Gazeta”, no. 48, October 29, 1912, page 3.
5. Ad units of the workshop of mechanics and electroforming of Sh. Mereminsky, the hairdressing salon of Ostrovsky, the artesian wells drilling of B.O. Verner, and the shop of musical instruments of F.F. Kapras. “Novaya Gazeta”, no. 14, March 1912, page 4.
6. Ad units of watchmaker Sh.L. Lyubchansky, the fish shop of E. Volkov, and the shoe store of I. Pavlyak. “Novaya Gazeta”, no. 15, March 1912, page 4.
7. Advertisement of the hairdressing salon of S. Pelenovich (in all issues of the paper).
8. Ad units of works with lime, the hairdressing salon of L.K. Voskanov, tailor’s cutter N.G. Nikolaev, the repair shop of R. L. Zomen. “Novaya Gazeta”, no. 30, June 1912, page 4.
9. Advertisement of G. Kalmanson’s goods. “Novaya Gazeta”, no. 2 (second year of publication), November 26, 1912, page 1.
10. Ad units of the restaurant at the Noble Assembly, the restaurant of M.N. Vilchinsky, and the restaurants “Na- tional” and “Sever” (“North”). “Novaya Gazeta”, no. 48, October 29, 1912, page 1.
11. Ad units of the restaurant of the hotel „Swiss”, the owner D.I. Spasov, the hotel „Savoya” and wine from the store of G. Ţurcan. “Novaya Gazeta”, no. 48, October 29, 1912, page 2.
12. Ad units to sell a car, of making cliche by G. Kalmanson, of the company „Vacuum Oil and Cº”, the factory of coaches of I. Olkhovsky, and the hat shop of B. Roitstein. “Novaya Gazeta”, no. 30, June 1912, page 4.
13. Ad units of the workshop on manufacturind products of marble, labradorite, granit, and stone of I. Tsulek, roller skates sold by G. Kalmanson, and the fish shop of E.K. Volkov. “Novaya Gazeta”, no. 48, October 29, 1912, page 3.
14. Ad units of the haberdashery shop of K. Yurkovskaya, the draper’s of M. Baran, bicycles of G. Schmalz at Bender, the icon workshop of G.V. Lavrov, the store and workshop of products of marble, labradorite, granit, and stone „De-Veki”, Z. Tebanov’s store, and the sale of carbide by G. Kalmanson. “Novaya Gazeta”, no. 30, June 1912, page 3.
15. Ad units of tailors L. Frank and S. Sheinkerman; advertisments. “Novaya Gazeta”, no. 16, March 1912, page 4.
16. Ad units of the laundry of M. Strashun, the men’s clothing store of Schwartzman și Cristul, and the pawnshop of I.R. Kaushansky. “Novaya Gazeta”, no. 12, February 1912, page 3.
17. Ad units of teacher of calligraphy I.M. Slepak and the grocery store of Popov in the town of Bender. “Novaya Gazeta”, no. 16, March 1912, page 1.
18. G. Kalmanson’s ad units to sell gramophones and repair bicycles (in many issues of the paper).
19. Ad units of the trading house of Khaslavsky in Odessa and dance teacher A.A. Baller. “Novaya Gazeta”, no. 48, October 29, 1912, page 1.
20. G. Kalmanson’s ad units to sell the bicycles „Swift” și „Pioneer” and Malamud and Nemirovsky’s ad units to sell the pens „Kaweco”. “Novaya Gazeta”, no. 22, April 1912, page 3.

Vera Serjant

The role of Bessarabian Zemstva in opening the school of viticulture and winemaking from Saharna

Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. IV [XIX], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie

Vera Serjant

Petru Ungurean – an outstanding figure in the field of viticulture and winemaking (on the collections of the National Museum of History of Moldova)

Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. XV [XXX], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie

Vera Serjant

Testimonies about the noble family Leviţki (Lewicki) in the collections of the National Museum of History of Moldova

Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. XIII [XXVIII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie

Vera Serjant

The legacy of Vasile Stroescu

Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. XIV [XXIX], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie