#Exhibit of the Month

The great ruler Stephen the Great, outstanding army commander and diplomat, was also concerned during his life with the economic prosperity of the country, supporting the development of crafts, trade and fairs. During his reign, groși and half groși minted in the dinar system were issued, a monetary system introduced in Moldova during the last reign of Petru Aron (1455-1457).

The coins were minted from silver of superior title, those that reflect stability in the economic life of the country at that time. Their masterful execution at the Suceava mint is among the beautiful artistic achievements during the reign of Stephen the Great.

During his reign, two types of issues were minted, for the two denominations: groși and half groși.

Type I issues have a split shield on the obverse; in the first quarter appears a rose surmounted by a cross and three fascias, in the second quarter. For the epigraph issues (groși), the image is accompanied by the circular legend with the name of the issuer: + STEFANVS VOIEVODA. On the other side appears the bour's head with a star between the horns accompanied by the heraldic furniture - the rose and the contoured crescent, placed to the right and left of the bour's head; circular legend: MOLDAVIE COIN.

On type II coins in the shield on the obverse appears a patriarchal cross (double) and the legend STEFANVSVOIEVOD or abbreviated STEFANVSVOIE. On the reverse, as in type I, the bour's head with heraldic attributes is preserved: rose right/crescent left and crescent right/rose left. A star or rose appears between the ox's horns. The legend accompanying the face with the bour head is MONETAMOLDAVI or abbreviated MONETAMOLDA.

The dating of Stephen the Great's coins is still under discussion. According to one opinion, type I issues were minted between 1457-1476, and type II between 1480/1481-1505 (Octavian Iliescu), and another 1465/1467-1475/1476 for type I and 1476/1479-1497 for type II (Ernest Oberländer-Târnoveanu).

The coins in this showcase were discovered during the archaeological excavations at Orheiul Vechi (Trebujeni, Orhei district) in the 6th and 7th decades of the 20th century:

1. Type I money issues, groși, silver
2. Type II money issues, groși, silver
3. Type II coin issue, half groși, silver

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Publications

Journal „Tyragetia"

vol. IX [XXIV], nr. 2

Bessarabian daily newspapers as a means of advertising. From the collection of periodicals of NMHM (end of 19th - early 20th centuries)

ISSN 1857-0240
E-ISSN 2537-6330

Vera Serjant

Bessarabian daily newspapers as a means of advertising. From the collection of periodicals of NMHM (end of 19th - early 20th centuries)

Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. IX [XXIV], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie Chișinău, 2015

Abstract

Newspapers began to be used as a means of advertising since the end of the 19th century and remained the primary means of advertising until the advent of television. Due to short period of time between the submitting advertising material for publication and its appearance in the newspaper, advertising in daily newspapers was very eﬀective for transmitting the latest information to the consumer. Daily newspapers usually came out in large cities and capitals.

The ﬁrst daily newspaper in Bessarabia was Bessarabsky Vestnik ("Bessarabian Messenger") published in 1889 in ChiТinău by E. Sokolova. Other major daily newspapers published for a long time in ChiТinău were Bessarabets ("Bessarabian"), Bessarabskaya zhizn ("Bessarabian Life"), Drug ("Friend"), Golos Kishinyova ("Voice of Chișinău"), and some others. During 1912-1914, the daily newspapers appear in Bălți, Bender, Soroca, Tiraspol, and Akkerman.

The museum's collection of periodicals contains a small amount of daily newspapers published in Bessarabia at the end of 19th - early 20th centuries. The museum has only one issue of the newspaper Bessarabsky Vestnik (no. 1177 of November 2, 1894), two issues of the newspaper Bessarabets (no. 248 of December 19, 1897 and no. 135 of December 1, 1905), an issue of the newspaper Drug (no. 143 of June 6, 1909), 33 issues of the newspaper Bessarabskaya zhizn for 1916-1917, and 12 issues of the newspaper Znamya ("Banner") for 1911-1912. Znamya, published by M. Radchenko and V. Yakubovich in ChiТinău during 1911-1914, is actually a continuation of the newspaper Drug, which changed the name because of the persecution of the tsarist censorship. The collection also contains 8 issues of the newspaper Bessarabsky Yuzhnyi Kray ("Bessarabian Southern Region") published in Bender by D. Natenzon during 1914-1917.

The review of this collection makes a signiﬁcant contribution to the study of the history of advertising in Bessarabia under the tsarist autocracy.

List of illustrations:
1. Newspaper Drug no. 143 of June 6, 1909, p. 1.
2. Newspaper Drug no. 143 of June 6, 1909, p. 4.
3. Newspaper Bessarabets no. 248 of December 19, 1897, p. 1.
4. Newspaper Bessarabets no. 248 of December 19, 1897, p. 4.
5. Newspaper Bessarabsky Yuzhnyi Kray no. 1552 of August 10, 1917, p. 1.
6. Newspaper Bessarabsky Yuzhnyi Kray no. 1552 of August 10, 1917, p. 4.
7. Newspaper Bessarabsky Vestnik no. 1177 of November 2, 1894, p. 1.
8. Newspaper Bessarabsky Vestnik no. 1177 of November 2, 1894, p. 4.
9. Newspaper Bessarabskaya zhizn no. 208 of August 17, 1916, p. 1.
10. Newspaper Bessarabskaya zhizn no. 208 of August 17, 1916, p.4.
11. Newspaper Bessarabskaya zhizn no. 206 of August 15, 1916, p.1.
12. Newspaper Bessarabskaya zhizn no. 206 of August 15, 1916, p. 4.
13. Front page of the newspaper Znamya no. 271 of November 28, 1912.