The great ruler Stephen the Great, outstanding army commander and diplomat, was also concerned during his life with the economic prosperity of the country, supporting the development of crafts, trade and fairs. During his reign, groși and half groși minted in the dinar system were issued, a monetary system introduced in Moldova during the last reign of Petru Aron (1455-1457).
The coins were minted from silver of superior title, those that reflect stability in the economic life of the country at that time. Their masterful execution at the Suceava mint is among the beautiful artistic achievements during the reign of Stephen the Great.
During his reign, two types of issues were minted, for the two denominations: groși and half groși.
Type I issues have a split shield on the obverse; in the first quarter appears a rose surmounted by a cross and three fascias, in the second quarter. For the epigraph issues (groși), the image is accompanied by the circular legend with the name of the issuer: + STEFANVS VOIEVODA. On the other side appears the bour's head with a star between the horns accompanied by the heraldic furniture - the rose and the contoured crescent, placed to the right and left of the bour's head; circular legend: MOLDAVIE COIN.
On type II coins in the shield on the obverse appears a patriarchal cross (double) and the legend STEFANVSVOIEVOD or abbreviated STEFANVSVOIE. On the reverse, as in type I, the bour's head with heraldic attributes is preserved: rose right/crescent left and crescent right/rose left. A star or rose appears between the ox's horns. The legend accompanying the face with the bour head is MONETAMOLDAVI or abbreviated MONETAMOLDA.
The dating of Stephen the Great's coins is still under discussion. According to one opinion, type I issues were minted between 1457-1476, and type II between 1480/1481-1505 (Octavian Iliescu), and another 1465/1467-1475/1476 for type I and 1476/1479-1497 for type II (Ernest Oberländer-Târnoveanu).
The coins in this showcase were discovered during the archaeological excavations at Orheiul Vechi (Trebujeni, Orhei district) in the 6th and 7th decades of the 20th century:
1. Type I money issues, groși, silver 2. Type II money issues, groși, silver 3. Type II coin issue, half groși, silver
The military camp of Charles XII at Varnița near the Bender Fortress
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VII [XXII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
Военный лагерь Карла XII в селе Варница возле Бендерской крепости
В 1990-е годы сотрудники Национального музея истории Молдовы провели обследование территории у села Варница, где, согласно письменным и картографичеким данным, был последний лагерь шведского короля Карла XII. По результатам обследования музей приобрел часть территории, на которой создано отделение музея «Военный лагерь Карла XII». В 1993 г. в районе памятного обелиска, установленного в 1920-е годы правительством Румынии по просьбе шведской стороны, был заложен разведовательный шурф, который выявил остатки каменного строения и артефакты начала XVIII в. В настоящее время Национальный музей истории Молдовы работает над проектом полномасшабных раскопок территории бывшего лагеря Карла XII, с целью его восстановления и последующей музеефикации.
Список иллюстраций:
Рис. 1. Топографический план с. Варница с указанием места расположения «Лагеря Карла XII».
Рис. 2. Расположение «Лагеря Карла XII» по отношению к крепости Бендеры (по плану Эйтгера, 1840 г.
НМИМ, ОФ-6790).
Рис. 3. План «Лагеря Карла XII» (по плану Эйтгера, 1840 г. НМИМ, ОФ-6790). Рис. 4. Варница. План и разрез раскопка на территории «Лагеря Карла XII».
Фото 1. Варница. Мемориальный памятник, установленный на месте «Лагеря Карла XII».
The great ruler Stephen the Great, outstanding army commander and diplomat, was also concerned during his life with the economic prosperity of the country, supporting the development of crafts, trade and fairs. During his reign, groși and half groși minted in the dinar system were issued, a monetary system introduced in Moldova during the last reign of Petru Aron (1455-1457)...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
