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Around thirty icons from the collection of the National Museum of History of Moldova feature Saint Nicholas the Hierarch and Miracle Worker. While most represent the later iconographic tradition, a few early images stand out as rare examples due to their composition.
In the icon "Saint Nicholas with Scenes from His Life", the hierarch is depicted bust-length, blessing the Gospel. He is framed by two round medallions showing Christ and the Mother of God, who hand him the Gospel and the omophorion. Saint Nicholas, earlier than other saints, was portrayed with scenes from his hagiographic cycle. The first images of his life date back to the 11th century, represented on a folding icon from the Monastery of Saint Catherine at Sinai. 

The museum icon dates from the early 19th century, preserving the traditional chest format typical of classical icons. Twelve panels illustrate episodes from the saint's life, arranged from left to right: four on the upper register, four on the lower, and two on each side, as follows: Birth of Saint Nicholas (1), Baptism of Saint Nicholas (2), Miracle of Healing the Crippled Woman (3), Apprenticeship of Young Nicholas (4), Ordination as Deacon (5), Ordination as Bishop (6) Vision of Constantine (7), Saint Nicholas Saves Three Voivodes from Execution (8), Miracle of Rescue from Drowning (9), Miracle of Saving Basil from the Arabs (10), Dormition of Saint Nicholas (11), Translation of the Relics of Saint Nicholas to Bari (12).

Saint Nicholas the Hierarch is commemorated by the Orthodox Church twice a year: on December 6/19, the day of his birth, and on May 9/22, the day his relics were transferred from Myra to Bari (1087). Among all saints of the Christian world, the image of Saint Nicholas is one of the most popular, easily recognizable even to those unfamiliar with iconography.

He was born in the Roman Empire, at Patara in the province of Lycia, between 260-280, though early sources omit the exact date. Coming from a wealthy family, he rejected fame and luxury. From an early age he devoted himself to prayer and the study of Holy Scripture, while also mastering other disciplines. He avoided noisy gatherings and idle talk, attended church regularly, and pursued a life of chastity. Later he dedicated himself to pastoral ministry, defending the Christian faith with perseverance and firmly opposing heresies.
Through his care for people and the benefactions he performed everywhere, he became highly venerated not only in Myra but also in the surrounding regions. The grace of the Holy Spirit dwelling in his heart was revealed through miracles performed both during his life and after his death, earning him the enduring title of "Miracle Worker." Saint Nicholas passed away in the 330s (circa 334-337), and his remains were placed in a sumptuous marble tomb in the episcopal cathedral where he had served for many years. This soon became an important center of pilgrimage.
Holy Tradition has preserved with accuracy the features of his portrait, and his appearance in icons is marked by a distinct individuality. Ecclesiastical art has produced numerous iconographic representations, ranging from bust images to full-length depictions. The diversity of these representations suggests that the final iconography of Saint Nicholas was not yet established, taking shape only in the 10th-11th centuries. It is said that an authentic icon from the basilica in Myra, executed during the saint's lifetime and mentioned in written sources as early as the 11th century, played a significant role in his veneration.
Icons depicting the hagiographic cycle of Saint Nicholas spread widely in both Byzantine and post-Byzantine art, confirming the importance and popularity of his cult.

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Publications Journal „Tyragetia"   vol. X [XXV], nr. 1


Nouvelles découvertes défensive dans l'ouest du promontoire Butuceni, Orhei (Recherche archéologique en 2015)
ISSN 1857-0240
E-ISSN 2537-6330

Nouvelles découvertes défensive dans l'ouest du promontoire Butuceni, Orhei (Recherche archéologique en 2015)

Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. X [XXV], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică

Mots-clés: système défensif, fortifications, fossé, vallum, palissade, berme.

Résumé: Les recherches archéologiques menées dans l'été de 2015, à l'Ouest du promontoire Butuceni Orhei, est une suite logique des études qui ont été réalisées en 2013-2014. La complexité des résultats précédents ont soulevé plusieurs questions, et dans la recherche de solutions, les priorités ont été i déterminés par la nécessité de l'évaluation de la configuration du système de défense dans le point extrême ouest du promontoire, ainsi que l'appréciation des éléments composants ce système. Il était nécessaire de corréler les segments défensifs trouvés avec des traces d'une parcelle relativement bien préservées de la fortification, représentée comme les fossés et vallum disposés dans la partie supérieure du promontoire. Avant l'étude en 2013, on a cru que l'accès au côté ouest du promontoire a été bloqué par un système de protection rectiligne, qui commence exactement à ce point, en sui- vant le chemin vers l'ouest, dans la direction du canal rivière Raut. Nos observations nous ont amenés à croire que la ligne défensive, que nous avons identifiée et explorée dans les années précédentes, aurait un trajet différent de celui qui a été considéré comme traditionnel. Pour tester cette hypothèse, ont été organisées en 2015 des fouilles, à la suite desquelles est détecté un nouveau segment défensif. Il convient de noter, cependant, que les structures observées ont aucun rapport avec les précédemment étudiés et ne contribuent pas à la confirmation de l'hypothèse. Dans le même temps, il n'y a pas suffisamment de preuves pour le rejeter catégoriquement, laissant ainsi la place pour d'autres recherches plus approfondies.

Liste des figures:
Fig. 1. Promontoire Butuceni. Vue d'ensemble du nord-ouest avec les points de marquage qui ont été identifiés traces de fortification. La ligne pointillée-interrompu: la trajectoire établie de la ligne défensive; la ligne in- terrompu: la trajectoire hypothétique du système de défense.
Fig. 2. Butuceni. Section nr. 1. 1 - Vue d'ensemble du nord; 2 - vue du sud sur les fossés; 3 - vue du nord sur les fossés; 4 - vue du nord sur les fossés au moment de l'identification; 5 - vue du sud sur les fossés au moment de l'identification.
Fig. 3 Butuceni. 1 - Vue du sud sur la section nr. 1 dans l'espace des constructions en pierre; 2 - profil de l'Est dans l'espace des constructions en pierre; 3 - profil de l'Ouest dans l'espace des constructions en pierre; 4 - délimita- tion de l'agglomération des pierres dans la construction lithique; 5 - traces des pieux de la construction en bois: vue de l'Ouest; 5 - traces des pieux de la construction en bois: vue du Nord.
Fig. 4. Butuceni. Section nr. V. Vue du nord sur les traces de la construction défensive: 1 - au moment de l'identification de l'agglomération des pierres; 2 - après la évacuation de remplissage.
Fig. 5. Butuceni. Ortofotoplan de la zone de l'Ouest du promontoire avec la délimitation hypothétique de la trajec- toire de la fortification.
Fig. 6. Butuceni. 1-3 - L'agglomération des pierres sur le secteur de l'Ouest de promontoire.
Fig. 7. Butuceni. L'agglomération des pierres sur le secteur de Sud-Ouest de promontoire.
Fig. 8. Butuceni. Vue du nord sur l'espace qui a été établi pour la section no. VI.
Fig. 9. Butuceni 2015. Section no. VI. 1 - Profil de l'est; 2 - plan, les couches 4-6; 3 - plan, les couches 1-3; 4 - profil de l'Ouest.
Fig. 10. Butuceni 2015. 1 - Profil de l'Ouest dans l'espace de la section no. VI; 2, 3, 4 - vue sur la part inférieure du fossé (angles et étapes différentes de recherche).
Fig. 11. Butuceni 2015. 1 - Vue du nord sur la section no. V au moment de l'identification de l'agglomération des pierres; 2 - vue du nord sur la section no. V au moment de l'identification de l'agglomération des pierres.
Fig. 12. Butuceni 2015. Traces de fosses de l'alignement du sud traversant la couche de gravier (vue en plan et profil).
Fig. 13. Butuceni 2015. Traces de fosses de l'alignement no 1.
Fig. 14. Butuceni 2015. Traces de fosses de l'alignement.
Fig. 15. Butuceni 2015. Traces de fosses de l'alignement no 3.
Fig. 16. Butuceni 2015. Traces de fosses de l'alignement no 2.
Fig. 17. Butuceni 2015. Fosse de période getique sectionnée par le fossé de la fortification.

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Élements defensifs dans la fortification gete du Horodca Mare, districte Hâncești
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. IX [XXIV], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică Chișinău, 2015



 

 

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Bessarabia and Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the Period between the Two World Wars
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Time of Reforms and their Consequences
Abolition of Autonomy. Bessarabia – a New Tsarist Colony
Period of Relative Autonomy of Bessarabia within the Russian Empire
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#Exhibit of the Month

Around thirty icons from the collection of the National Museum of History of Moldova feature Saint Nicholas the Hierarch and Miracle Worker. While most represent the later iconographic tradition, a few early images stand out as rare examples due to their composition...

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2026 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

 



The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2026 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2026 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC