Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany.
Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History.
The typewriter features a standard carriage mounted on ball bearings and rollers, along with a keyboard equipped with 42 keys. These contain two complete sets of Latin and Cyrillic alphabets, punctuation marks, numbers, and mathematical symbols, enabling the typing of 126 characters. Beneath the metal casing, the type bars are arranged in a fan-like pattern, holding embossed characters and ink ribbon rollers. When the keys are pressed, the type bars strike the inked ribbon, imprinting characters onto the paper tensioned in the machine's roller system. The side panels are elegantly decorated with refined cast-iron elements in the Art Nouveau style, displaying the brand name - "Ideal." The Polyglott model, featuring a bilingual keyboard patented in the United Kingdom by Max Klaczko from Riga, Latvia, was produced between 1902 and 1913, marking the first typewriter capable of writing in two languages. The "Ideal Polyglott" typewriter was actively sold in the Russian Empire and gained significant popularity in Poland, Bulgaria, and Serbia. The typewriter - a mechanical device used for printing text directly onto paper - ranks among the most important inventions of the modern era, as it revolutionized communication. From the late 19th century to the early 21st century, it became an indispensable tool, widely used by writers, in offices, for business correspondence, and in private homes. The peak of typewriter sales occurred in the 1950s when the average annual sales in the United States reached 12 million units. In November 2012, the British Brother factory produced what it claimed to be the last typewriter, which was donated to the Science Museum in London. The advent of computers, word processing software, printers, and the decreasing cost of these technologies led to the typewriter's disappearance from the mainstream market, turning it into a museum exhibit. June 23 marks Typewriter Day, commemorating the date when American journalist and inventor Christopher Latham Sholes patented his typewriter. This day celebrates the simple yet revolutionary device that has become history, as well as the remarkable literary achievements it has enabled since 1868.
One Moscow historian’s view on the Relations of the Danube Principalities with the Ottoman Empire and with Russia
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. II [XVII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
The work by L.E. Semionova entitled „The Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia. The end of the 14th and beginning of the 19th centuries. (Sketches of the history of foreign policy). Moscow, 2006” is on the list of books relating to the history of the Danube principalities recently published in Russia. The book contains sketches written by the author at different times.
One of the larger sketches is dedicated to the problem of „capitulation” and relations of the Danube Principalities with the Ottoman Empire.
The author proceeds from the biased opinion that Muslim canons forbid to sign Capitulation agreements conferring rights and privileges. Based on this opinion, the author of the book simply ignores abundant sources which testify to the existence of such documents concerning the Danube Principalities as well as other countries, though the author states that she used all the known sources.
Attempt of the author made to solve the question about the Origin of Capitulation based on unpublished sources of the 18th c. from the Russian archives was doomed to failure beforehand, inasmuch „capitulations” practically appear at the same time as Islam.
In fact, the author tried to establish the appearance of the forged „capitulation” texts relating to the Danube Principalities. However her arguments that these texts couldn’t appear before or after the Focsani Congress are unconvincing. And the general conclusion that these texts were drawn up in the last decades of the 18th century is known as early as the beginning of the 20th century.
Several sketches of the book are dedicated to the relations of the Danube Principalities with Russia in the 17th and beginning of the 19th centuries. Trying to cover the question of the formation of the pro-Russian orientation of the local boyars, especially in Moldavia, L.E. Semionova follows some of the Soviet authors of the 50ies of the 20th. As a matter of fact, material produced by the author was compared with other sources that testify to the most likely “pro-Christian” orientation of the Moldavian politicians and their assurances to form part of Russia or be under its patronage relate to tactics and strategy. Their true intentions lied in preservation of their State system and abolition of the Ottoman suzerainty. The book also contains a number of contradictory conclusions and factual mistakes.
Proceeding from the foregoing, unfortunately the book published in 2006 does not reflect the contemporary scientific opinion on the many subjects under discussion. That’s why this book can’t serve as a valuable basis for further scientific research.
Ion Eremia
Political and Legal Status of Tara Moldovei in a New Historical Source – Moldovan Chronicle of Cracovia
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. III [XVIII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Ion Eremia
”One of forty sobols” – bag of sobols that included 40 sables?
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. IV [XIX], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Ion Eremia
The ancient nation – origins, essence and its importance
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. II [XVII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
Ion Eremia
Mihai Maxim, O istorie a relațiilor româno-otomane, cu documente noi din arhivele turcești. Vol. I. Perioada clasică (1400-1600), Brăila: Editura Istros a Muzeului Brăilei, 2012, 606 p. ISBN 978-606-654-026-1
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VIII [XXIII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Ion Eremia
Some considerations related to the borders of the Principality of Moldavia in the second half of 14th century – Pocutsia and Colomeea
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. IV [XIX], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany. Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The side panels are elegantly decorated with refined cast-iron elements in the Art Nouveau style, displaying the brand name - "Ideal." The Polyglott model, featuring a bilingual keyboard patented in the United Kingdom by Max Klaczko from Riga, Latvia, was produced between 1902 and 1913, marking the first typewriter capable of writing in two languages. The "Ideal Polyglott" typewriter was actively sold in the Russian Empire and gained significant popularity in Poland, Bulgaria, and Serbia.
31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
