Soviet propaganda posters of the Second World War in collections of the National Museum of History of Moldova
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. X [XXV], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Keywords: collection, heritage, poster, propaganda, war. Abstract: This article is the result of studying the collection of Soviet propaganda posters of the Second World War from NMHM. During the research it was found that they are very different in content, format and design. Typologically they can be divided into two categories: posters made by using a stencil technique and printed posters. The number of stencil posters in the museum's collection is small - 50 objects; their theme is dedicated to the events of 1945 - the last year of the war. Most of the collection consists of printed posters. There are originals and copies multiplied during the war and after its end by tens of thousands of exemplars. It was found that the informative message of the posters varied depending on the situation at the front and in the rear. In wartime, the sole purpose of the posters was a justification for the war and denigrating the enemy. Their role has resulted in the mobilization of society against the enemy. At the same time the posters were a form of manipulation of citizens by the Soviet authorities; they concealed crimes and ugly phenomena that accompanied the Soviet policy throughout its existence.
List of illustrations: 1. Poster "From the speech of Comrade I.V. Stalin", 1941. 2. Poster "Mercilessly crush and destroy the enemy" by the Kukryniksy (Mikhail Kupriyanov, Porfiry Krylov and Nikolai Sokolov), 1941. 3. Poster "The Motherland Calls!" by I. Toidze, 1941. 4. Poster "Death to fascism!" by V. Vlasov, N. Pevzin, and T. Shishmareva, 1941. 5. Poster "Across the country, from end to end, girls-comrades-in-arms at their posts stand" by A. Deineka, 1942. 6. Poster "Comrades! Donate warm clothes for the Red Army!" by N. Baskakov, 1942. 7. Poster "Let's produce and give warm clothes to the front! Let's help the Red Army to destroy the German invaders!" by V.Biryukov, 1942. 8. Poster "Let's help the front by the participation in the second money and clothing lottery!", 1942. 9. Poster "The history of many German divisions" by Pankratov, 1944. 10. Poster "Revenge for them!" by N. Batolina, 1944. 11. Poster "Demolish the hydra" by P. Sargsyan, 1945. 12. Poster "So it will be with the fascist beast" by A. Kokorekin, 1945. 13. Poster "Inglorious end to the fascist aggressors" by V. Deni (Denisov), 1945. 14. Poster "Victory Day!" by B. Muhin, 1945.
The item is the lower part of a leg of a festive table made of white and gray marble. In the upper part, it has a protrusion, similar to a Doric capital, on the horizontal platform of which a square recess is engraved, designed to fix the second part of the leg (upper). The lower part of the leg is made in an anthropomorphic style, and, in our opinion, there are two variants of identifying the depicted character...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The item is the lower part of a leg of a festive table made of white and gray marble. In the upper part, it has a protrusion, similar to a Doric capital, on the horizontal platform of which a square recess is engraved, designed to fix the second part of the leg (upper). The lower part of the leg is made in an anthropomorphic style, and, in our opinion, there are two variants of identifying the depicted character. The first involves the image of the head of the young Heracles (Heracles - Ἡρακλῆς) (beardless), the most favorite hero of antiquity, wearing on his head the skin of the Nemean lion - Λέων της Νεμέας, a vicious monster from Greek mythology who lived in Nemea and was eventually killed by Heracles. The first labor of Heracles, of the twelve set by King Eurystheus (his cousin), was to kill the Nemean lion and bring his skin to the king. It is also known from Greek mythology that the lion of Nemea took the form of a beautiful woman in order to seduce the inhabitants of neighboring villages, who wanted to save the girl from danger. Upon entering the cave, a man saw the woman, who usually pretended to be wounded, and rushed to help her. When he approached her, the woman turned into a lion and killed him. Then the lion devoured the man, giving his bones to Hades - ᾍδης, the god of Hell, who lived in the kingdom of shadows. The second version of the anthropomorphic image interpretation suggests Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia in the second half of the 4th century BC, one of the most famous heroes of the Greek world, who sometimes is depicted as Hercules - wearing a lion's skin. Some researchers consider the custom of wearing the skin of a slain lion a sign of royal power. The word βασιλεύς itself, translated from ancient Greek, means "walking the path of the lion", that is, the king. This title was held by the Greek kings from the Homeric period, and later, starting from the 7th century AD - by the Byzantine emperors.
