The social-economical conditions had always stratified the society intro rich and poor booth in village and town. The stimulation of the social thought was a direct consequence of the outline of misery and poverty and was manifested through Christian value gestures and attitudes for maintaining the social body solidarity.

Philanthropy, or the love for alike, was truly considered one of the fundamental characteristics of the Christian belief. The Orthodox Church had always practiced philanthropy; the intensity of this activity directly depended on the development and manifestation possibilities of the church itself. The annexation of Bessarabia by the Russian Empire had consequences for the Bessarabian church which had to confront itself with new problems, among which – to rebuilt and develop its philanthropic structures. The need to reevaluate and update the charity acts’ arguments and practices arises, keeping therewith aspects from the local Orthodox Church tradition.

The materials found in archives and the press of that time informs the aimed reader, and not only, about the philanthropic activity of the Bessarabian church in the modern period. The results of the research conclude that the Bessarabian church had a philanthropic system characterized by its presence not only in province, but in other regions of the empire as well; getting involved in different charity acts at the “suggestion” of the “Synod”. There were created funds, associations, societies for the support and help of sick, old and abandoned children. A substantial contribution had the church in the process of educating the young generation by an increase of the number of schools and by supplying the pupils with all necessary.

A special role in the philanthropic work had the convents. Although considered a “form of prayer”, they represented authentic centers where the charity acts were performed.