The main parts of the camera include the body, bellows, lens, and viewfinder system. The body consists of two lacquered walnut wood frames, joined by a folding black textile bellows that allows the necessary extension for focusing. On the front panel is the Agfa anastigmat lens, mounted in a Compur-type shutter produced by F. Deckel in Munich. It features a foldable "brilliant" viewfinder for both portrait and landscape orientation. It uses glass photographic plates coated with a photographic emulsion, mounted in walnut wood holders, with a frame size of 9x12 cm. The walnut wood model, considered the flagship "Agfa Isolar Luxus," was designed by the A.H. Rietzschel factory in Munich, acquired by AGFA in 1925, which continued producing this type of camera under its own name until the late 1920s. The piece was restored by Mihail Culașco, Restoration Department of NMHM. Brief History of the Camera The history of the camera spans 200 years, evolving from the camera obscura to today's digital devices. Key milestones include: the first permanent photograph in 1826 by French physicist Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, using a wooden box and a plate coated with bitumen of Judea; the invention of the first photographic process - daguerreotype - in 1839 by Frenchman Louis Daguerre, marking the official birth of photography; the invention of calotype, based on the negative/positive principle, by British physicist and chemist Fox Talbot; the invention of wet collodion plates by Englishman Frederick Scott Archer and dry glass plates by Richard Leach Maddox and John Huds Bennet; the introduction of flexible roll film and the launch of the first Kodak camera by American inventor George Eastman; the release of the first 35 mm film camera by German company "Leica"; the launch of the first instant camera "Polaroid," invented by American Edwin Land. Finally, starting in 1975, this path led to the digital photography revolution. Each successive step made cameras smaller and faster, significantly improving image quality. The first photographic studio in Chișinău was opened in 1854 by Eduard Glewski, and before World War I, there were already about 100 photography studios in Bessarabia. The collection of the National Museum of History of Moldova includes over 30 cameras, made in Austria, Germany, France, USSR, Japan, and China, dating from the late 19th century to the 2000s. Among them are folding bellows cameras, BOX-type cameras, single-lens reflex (SLR) and twin-lens reflex (TLR) cameras, as well as digital (DSLR) cameras.
The clay objects found in the settlements of the Noua-Sabatinovka type in the Carpathian-Dniester area
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VI [XXI], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
In the settlements of the Noua-Sabatinovka type investigated in the Carpathian-Dniester area since 1950s to the present there have been found 255 objects made of clay. Most of these products, which were usually made of clay paste of poor quality, were toys or votive elements (balls, rings, wheels, zoomorphic and anthropomorphic figu- rines, flat cakes) and only two categories have been identified as working tools (spindle whorls, spoons for pouring molten metal). The vast number of votive objects indicates the developed spirituality of the communities of Noua- Sabatinovka type and the clay working tools present two of their basic crafts: metal working and weaving.This article presents the categories of clay objects, their technological process and attribution. List of illustrations: Fig. 1. Map of the monuments where the objects of clay were found. Fig. 2. Balls made of baked clay: 1-3 - Petrușeni (after Левицкий 1985); 4, 5 - Magala (after Смирнова 1972); 6 - Cobâlnea (after Левицкий 1988); 7-9 - Căușeni (after Левинский 1986); 10, 11 - Odaia-Miciurin (after Sava, Kaiser 2004, 2006); 12 - Mologa (after Агульников, Малюкевич 2010). Fig. 3. Spindle whorls: 1, 3 - Petrușeni (after Левицкий 1985); 2 - Cobâlnea (after Левицкий 1988); 4 - Gârbovăț (after Florescu 1991); 5 - Hansca (after Postică 1992); 6, 10, 12 - Odaia-Miciurin (after Sava, Kaiser 2004; Sava 2008); 7 - Tăvădărești (after Florescu 1991); 8 - Nicoleni (after Florescu 1991); 9 - Dorobanțu (after Florescu 1991); 11 - Bărboasa (after Florescu 1991). Fig. 4. Zoomorphic figurines: 1-4 - Ghindești (after Мелюкова 1957). Fig. 5. 1-5 - Zoomorphic figurines; 6-8 - anthropomorphic figurines. 1, 2 - Mereni (after Дергачев, Постикэ, Савва 1988); 3 - Odaia (after Сава, Кайзер 2011); 4 - Hansca (after Postică, Cavruc 1991); 5 - Lichitișeni (after Florescu 1991); 6, 7 - Nicoleni (after Florescu 1991); 8 - Mologa (after Агульников, Малюкевич 2010). Fig. 6. 1-3 - Wheels; 4-10 - discs; 11-13 - spoons for pouring molten metal. 1 - Ulmu (after Florescu 1991); 2 - Ni- sporeni; 3, 13 - Simionești (after Florescu 1991); 4, 5 - Odaia-Miciurin (after Sava, Kaiser 2006; Sava, Kaiser 2007); 6, 7 - Cobâlnea (after Левицкий 1988); 8-12 - Gârbovăț (after Florescu 1991). Fig. 7. 1-3 - Balls; 4 - flat cake; 5 - bead; 6-10 - clay objects of unknown purpose. 1 - Petrușeni (after Левицкий1985); 2-4, 8, 10 - Odaia (after Sava, Kaiser 2004; Sava 2008); 5 - Căușeni (after Левинский 1986); 6, 9 - Bărboasa (after Florescu 1991); 8 - Ostrovec (after Балагури 1968). Fig. 8. 1 - Spindle whorl; 2 - disc; 3 - ball; 4, 6 - wheels; 5, 10 - anthropomorphic figurines; 7-9 - zoomorphic figurines. 1-7 - Novokievka (after Gerškovič 1999); 8 - Stepovoe (after Археология 1985); 9 - Belogrudovskii Les (after Археология 1985); 10 - Babadag (after Jugănaru 2005).
Mariana Sîrbu
Complementing the data on the collection of stone artifacts found at the first studied settlement of the Noua culture on the territory of the Republic of Moldova
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. XVI [XXXI], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică, Chişinău, 2022
Mariana Sîrbu
Stone objects found in the settlements of Noua-Sabatinovka cultures in the Prut-Dniester area
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VII [XXII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
Regina Uhl, Mariana Vasilache-Curoșu, Veaceslav Bicbaev, Mariana Sîrbu, Livia Sîrbu
Bericht über die archäologischen Arbeiten in Petreni, Republik Moldau
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. X [XXV], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
Mariana Sîrbu
Manufacture of items of hard materials of animal origin during the Late Bronze Age (the Noua-Sabatinovka cultural complex)
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. V [XX], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
Mariana Sîrbu
The hoard of the late Bronze Age from the village of Antonești (the Cantemir District, Republic of Moldova
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VII [XXII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
The main parts of the camera include the body, bellows, lens, and viewfinder system. The body consists of two lacquered walnut wood frames, joined by a folding black textile bellows that allows the necessary extension for focusing...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
