Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany.
Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History.
The typewriter features a standard carriage mounted on ball bearings and rollers, along with a keyboard equipped with 42 keys. These contain two complete sets of Latin and Cyrillic alphabets, punctuation marks, numbers, and mathematical symbols, enabling the typing of 126 characters. Beneath the metal casing, the type bars are arranged in a fan-like pattern, holding embossed characters and ink ribbon rollers. When the keys are pressed, the type bars strike the inked ribbon, imprinting characters onto the paper tensioned in the machine's roller system. The side panels are elegantly decorated with refined cast-iron elements in the Art Nouveau style, displaying the brand name - "Ideal." The Polyglott model, featuring a bilingual keyboard patented in the United Kingdom by Max Klaczko from Riga, Latvia, was produced between 1902 and 1913, marking the first typewriter capable of writing in two languages. The "Ideal Polyglott" typewriter was actively sold in the Russian Empire and gained significant popularity in Poland, Bulgaria, and Serbia. The typewriter - a mechanical device used for printing text directly onto paper - ranks among the most important inventions of the modern era, as it revolutionized communication. From the late 19th century to the early 21st century, it became an indispensable tool, widely used by writers, in offices, for business correspondence, and in private homes. The peak of typewriter sales occurred in the 1950s when the average annual sales in the United States reached 12 million units. In November 2012, the British Brother factory produced what it claimed to be the last typewriter, which was donated to the Science Museum in London. The advent of computers, word processing software, printers, and the decreasing cost of these technologies led to the typewriter's disappearance from the mainstream market, turning it into a museum exhibit. June 23 marks Typewriter Day, commemorating the date when American journalist and inventor Christopher Latham Sholes patented his typewriter. This day celebrates the simple yet revolutionary device that has become history, as well as the remarkable literary achievements it has enabled since 1868.
The clay objects found in the settlements of the Noua-Sabatinovka type in the Carpathian-Dniester area
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VI [XXI], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
In the settlements of the Noua-Sabatinovka type investigated in the Carpathian-Dniester area since 1950s to the present there have been found 255 objects made of clay. Most of these products, which were usually made of clay paste of poor quality, were toys or votive elements (balls, rings, wheels, zoomorphic and anthropomorphic figu- rines, flat cakes) and only two categories have been identified as working tools (spindle whorls, spoons for pouring molten metal). The vast number of votive objects indicates the developed spirituality of the communities of Noua- Sabatinovka type and the clay working tools present two of their basic crafts: metal working and weaving.This article presents the categories of clay objects, their technological process and attribution. List of illustrations: Fig. 1. Map of the monuments where the objects of clay were found. Fig. 2. Balls made of baked clay: 1-3 - Petrușeni (after Левицкий 1985); 4, 5 - Magala (after Смирнова 1972); 6 - Cobâlnea (after Левицкий 1988); 7-9 - Căușeni (after Левинский 1986); 10, 11 - Odaia-Miciurin (after Sava, Kaiser 2004, 2006); 12 - Mologa (after Агульников, Малюкевич 2010). Fig. 3. Spindle whorls: 1, 3 - Petrușeni (after Левицкий 1985); 2 - Cobâlnea (after Левицкий 1988); 4 - Gârbovăț (after Florescu 1991); 5 - Hansca (after Postică 1992); 6, 10, 12 - Odaia-Miciurin (after Sava, Kaiser 2004; Sava 2008); 7 - Tăvădărești (after Florescu 1991); 8 - Nicoleni (after Florescu 1991); 9 - Dorobanțu (after Florescu 1991); 11 - Bărboasa (after Florescu 1991). Fig. 4. Zoomorphic figurines: 1-4 - Ghindești (after Мелюкова 1957). Fig. 5. 1-5 - Zoomorphic figurines; 6-8 - anthropomorphic figurines. 1, 2 - Mereni (after Дергачев, Постикэ, Савва 1988); 3 - Odaia (after Сава, Кайзер 2011); 4 - Hansca (after Postică, Cavruc 1991); 5 - Lichitișeni (after Florescu 1991); 6, 7 - Nicoleni (after Florescu 1991); 8 - Mologa (after Агульников, Малюкевич 2010). Fig. 6. 1-3 - Wheels; 4-10 - discs; 11-13 - spoons for pouring molten metal. 1 - Ulmu (after Florescu 1991); 2 - Ni- sporeni; 3, 13 - Simionești (after Florescu 1991); 4, 5 - Odaia-Miciurin (after Sava, Kaiser 2006; Sava, Kaiser 2007); 6, 7 - Cobâlnea (after Левицкий 1988); 8-12 - Gârbovăț (after Florescu 1991). Fig. 7. 1-3 - Balls; 4 - flat cake; 5 - bead; 6-10 - clay objects of unknown purpose. 1 - Petrușeni (after Левицкий1985); 2-4, 8, 10 - Odaia (after Sava, Kaiser 2004; Sava 2008); 5 - Căușeni (after Левинский 1986); 6, 9 - Bărboasa (after Florescu 1991); 8 - Ostrovec (after Балагури 1968). Fig. 8. 1 - Spindle whorl; 2 - disc; 3 - ball; 4, 6 - wheels; 5, 10 - anthropomorphic figurines; 7-9 - zoomorphic figurines. 1-7 - Novokievka (after Gerškovič 1999); 8 - Stepovoe (after Археология 1985); 9 - Belogrudovskii Les (after Археология 1985); 10 - Babadag (after Jugănaru 2005).
Mariana Sîrbu
Complementing the data on the collection of stone artifacts found at the first studied settlement of the Noua culture on the territory of the Republic of Moldova
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. XVI [XXXI], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică, Chişinău, 2022
Mariana Sîrbu
Stone objects found in the settlements of Noua-Sabatinovka cultures in the Prut-Dniester area
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VII [XXII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
Mariana Sîrbu
Manufacture of items of hard materials of animal origin during the Late Bronze Age (the Noua-Sabatinovka cultural complex)
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. V [XX], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
Mariana Sîrbu, Veaceslav Bicbaev
A pit of the Late Bronze Age discovered near the lake of Valea Morilor in Chișinău
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. X [XXV], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
Mariana Sîrbu
Pottery of the Noua- Sabatinovka-Coslogeni cultural complex. The typology
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. XVII [XXXII], nr. 1, Arheologie. Istorie Antică
Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany. Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The side panels are elegantly decorated with refined cast-iron elements in the Art Nouveau style, displaying the brand name - "Ideal." The Polyglott model, featuring a bilingual keyboard patented in the United Kingdom by Max Klaczko from Riga, Latvia, was produced between 1902 and 1913, marking the first typewriter capable of writing in two languages. The "Ideal Polyglott" typewriter was actively sold in the Russian Empire and gained significant popularity in Poland, Bulgaria, and Serbia.
31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
