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Fire artillery in Romanian space is attested from the first half of the 15th century. The oldest pieces of artillery are the bronze and iron bombards discovered in the fortresses of Giurgiu, Severin, Bârlad and Orheiul Vechi.

The exposed cannon was discovered in the village of Grinăuți-Moldova, Ocnița district, it dates from the second half of the 15th century. From a typological point of view, in the central-eastern European space, the cannon from Grinăuți-Moldova is a unique piece.

It is a short-barreled mortar-type artillery piece that fits perfectly into the line of bombards in Europe used in the second half of the 15th century - the beginning of the 16th century.

The cannon was used to launch projectiles (bullets) at the enemy behind fortifications or natural obstacles. The projectiles were loaded through the mouth of the barrel. The firing angle was over 45 degrees, and the trajectory of the projectile was curved with a range of up to 300-400 m. In Europe, these cannons were called mortars, and in Romanian space they were designated by the word piua, thanks to the shape of this object.

The cannon from Grinăuți-Moldova was discovered by chance in the "Red Bank" location, located 15 km southwest of the Lipnicu plain where Lord Stefan the Great defeated the Tatars in 1470. According to a legend from the village of Grinăuți-Moldova, in the "Red Bank" location, a military confrontation between Moldovans and Tatars would have taken place prior to the battle of Lipnic.

The cannon from Grinăuți-Moldova is made of cast iron by the casting method. The barrel is provided with a single hole in the front, the opposite side being blocked by the flat bottom with flared edge. The inside of the pipe is a relatively wide channel that narrows slightly towards the bottom. Loading with powder and cannonballs was done through the mouth of the cannon. A hole is provided near the base for the wick to ignite and detonate the dust inside the cannon. The surface of the cannon is embossed. The edge of the mouth is thickened, slightly curved. Two cylindrical supports with a diameter of 3.5 cm are provided in the central part of the body of the cannon in the axis, which served as handles for the installation and handling of the cannon on a wooden frame.

The length of the cannon is 30.0 cm, the maximum diameter of the body - 17.8 cm, the outside diameter of the mouth - 19.4 cm, the diameter of the body in the middle - 13.5 cm, the outside diameter of the base - 17.0 cm, the caliber of the cannon (mouth diameter) is 12.8 cm, the length of the inner chamber of the cannon - 27.4 cm, the weight of the cannon - 18,730 kg.

The cannon from Grinăuți-Moldova entered the custody of the National Museum of History of Moldova through the care of local history teacher Vlad Lvovsky.

The conservation of the piece of cultural heritage was carried out by Valeriu Bubulici, and the reconstruction of the atmosphere by the restorer Mihail Culașco.

Virtual Tour


Publications Journal „Tyragetia"


Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. XI [XXVI], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
ISSN 1857-0240
E-ISSN 2537-6330

Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. XI [XXVI], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie

Chișinău, 2017

Researches


Cristina Gherasim
L’identité sociale au milieu de la noblesse de la Bessarabie dans le XIX-ème siècle

Валентин Томулец, Сергей Сычёв
The political parties and significant personalities of the Bessarabian Zemstvo (1869-1917)

Elena Ploșnița
The Country House of the Lazo Family at Piatra. Guidelines for the museumification

Papers and surveys


Cătălina Chelcu
Legal and Tax Systems in Moldavia (Late 16th Century - 17th Century): The Case of the Dedicated Monasteries

Lilia Zabolotnaia
The first testament of Maria Cantemir, from 1725

Andrei Emilciuc
Entrepreneurial transhumance in Bessarabia (1812-1853)

Valentin Tomuleț
Mazili and ruptași (and other social categories) in the statistics of the 1817 census

Maria Danilov
The Bibliophilic value of a manuscript from Ștefan Ciobanu’s library (Ph. Wieghel, Observations on the present state of aff airs in Bessarabia, 1823)

Elena Arcuș-Jantovan
La circulation monétaire du XIXe siècle dans la Principauté de Moldavie: la correspondance commerciale des consulats français de Iasi et Galati (1803- 1866)

Eugen-Tudor Sclifos
Documents on Bessarabia in the Archives of Foreign Aff airs in Paris (1856-1857)

Petru Golban
Ethnic and social composition of Bessarabian agricultural schools

Mihail Dohot
Style and elegance in Bessarabian photographs of the 2nd half of the 19th century

Zoreana Muțac
Establishment and modification of the border along the segment of southern Bessarabia throughout the 19th century

Игорь Сапожников, Владимир Левчук
Lieutenant General and «Scientist Archaeologist» N.A. Marx: Contribution to the Research of Bender Fortress

Ioan Opriș
The civil position of Alexandru V. Boldur

Anatolie Povestca
The issue of Romania’s joining the First World War in the vision of the leaders of the political parties – the National Liberal Party and the Conservative Party

Nicolae Fuștei
An attempt of periodization of the history of relations between the Soviet state and the religious denominations

Mariana S. Țăranu
Khrushchev’s Thaw and liberation of Bessarabians from the Gulag (1953-1963)

Liliana Rotaru
Implementation of the linguistic legislation in MSSR higher education. 1989-1991

Silviu Andrieș-Tabac
Emblems of justice in the contemporary Moldavian heraldry

Mariana Gugeanu, Doina Anăstăsoaei, Nicoleta Vornicu, Gheorghe Postică, Arhimandrit Filaret Cuzmin
Religion, Archaeology, Preservation. Căpriana Monastery, the Republic of Moldova

Violeta Tipa
Museums of Poland: ways of exploiting the National Heritage

Gherghina Boda
Cultural mediation in museums

Adelaida Chiroșca
The iconographic message of the Last Supper compositions from the collection of the National Museum of the History of Moldova)

Vera Serjant
Materials related to the elite of the nobility of Bessarabia – the families of Cantacuzin and Krupensky in the collections of the National Museum of the History of Moldova

Ana Grițco
Advertising postcards in the collections of the National Museum of the History of Moldova (late 19th c. - the 1st half of the 20th c.)

Yuri Pyatnitsky
Love, Politics, and Fine Arts. The mechanical automaton “Golden Peacock” of Catherine the Great and its Byzantine model

Paper and book review


Cătălina Chelcu
Igor Cereteu, Cartea bisericească în mănăstirile din Republica Moldova. Chișinău: Ed. Enciclopedică, 2016, 503 p. ISBN: 978-9975-53-739-1Igor Cereteu, Cartea bisericească în mănăstirile din Republica Moldova. Chișinău: Ed. Enciclopedică, 2016, 503 p.

Valentina Ursu
Liliana Condraticova, Arta metalelor din Basarabia (secolul al XIX-lea - prima jumătate a sec. XX). Chișinău: Grafema Libris, 2017, 384 p. ISBN 978-9975-52-204-5

 



 

 

Independent Moldova
Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
Bessarabia and MASSR between the Two World Wars
Bessarabia and Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the Period between the Two World Wars
Revival of National Movement
Time of Reforms and their Consequences
Abolition of Autonomy. Bessarabia – a New Tsarist Colony
Period of Relative Autonomy of Bessarabia within the Russian Empire
Phanariot Regime
Golden Age of the Romanian Culture
Struggle for Maintaining of Independence of Moldova
Formation of Independent Medieval State of Moldova
Era of the
Great Nomad Migrations
Early Middle Ages
Iron Age and Antiquity
Bronze Age
Aeneolithic Age
Neolithic Age
Palaeolithic Age
  
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#Exhibit of the Month

Fire artillery in Romanian space is attested from the first half of the 15th century. The oldest pieces of artillery are the bronze and iron bombards discovered in the fortresses of Giurgiu, Severin, Bârlad and Orheiul Vechi...

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2023 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

 



The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2023 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC

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The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
©2006-2023 National Museum of History of Moldova
Visit museum 31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
Phones:
Secretariat: +373 (22) 24-43-25
Department of Public Relations and Museum Education: +373 (22) 24-04-26
Fax: +373 (22) 24-43-69
E-mail: office@nationalmuseum.md
Technical Support: info@nationalmuseum.md
Web site administration and maintenance: Andrei EMILCIUC