Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany.
Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History.
The typewriter features a standard carriage mounted on ball bearings and rollers, along with a keyboard equipped with 42 keys. These contain two complete sets of Latin and Cyrillic alphabets, punctuation marks, numbers, and mathematical symbols, enabling the typing of 126 characters. Beneath the metal casing, the type bars are arranged in a fan-like pattern, holding embossed characters and ink ribbon rollers. When the keys are pressed, the type bars strike the inked ribbon, imprinting characters onto the paper tensioned in the machine's roller system. The side panels are elegantly decorated with refined cast-iron elements in the Art Nouveau style, displaying the brand name - "Ideal." The Polyglott model, featuring a bilingual keyboard patented in the United Kingdom by Max Klaczko from Riga, Latvia, was produced between 1902 and 1913, marking the first typewriter capable of writing in two languages. The "Ideal Polyglott" typewriter was actively sold in the Russian Empire and gained significant popularity in Poland, Bulgaria, and Serbia. The typewriter - a mechanical device used for printing text directly onto paper - ranks among the most important inventions of the modern era, as it revolutionized communication. From the late 19th century to the early 21st century, it became an indispensable tool, widely used by writers, in offices, for business correspondence, and in private homes. The peak of typewriter sales occurred in the 1950s when the average annual sales in the United States reached 12 million units. In November 2012, the British Brother factory produced what it claimed to be the last typewriter, which was donated to the Science Museum in London. The advent of computers, word processing software, printers, and the decreasing cost of these technologies led to the typewriter's disappearance from the mainstream market, turning it into a museum exhibit. June 23 marks Typewriter Day, commemorating the date when American journalist and inventor Christopher Latham Sholes patented his typewriter. This day celebrates the simple yet revolutionary device that has become history, as well as the remarkable literary achievements it has enabled since 1868.
Agricultural advertising in periodicals of the late 19th - early 20th centuries from the collection of NMHM
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. VII [XXII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Depending on the stage of development, advertising as a historical phenomenon was expanding its sphere of influence penetrating more and more in various spheres of human activity. Agriculture, which is an important branch of the national economy closely related to the trade, always needs advertising. The absence of serfdom and the agrarian reforms have contributed to the integration of Bessarabian agriculture into the system of market relations. Local farmers needed promotion and marketing of agricultural products. For this they applied to various means of advertising. Agricultural advertisings can be found in the pages of the Bessarabian press from the late 19th - early 20th centuries. Most often, they were printed in publications of agricultural profile. An example is the magazine "Bessarabskoe sel'skoe khozyaistvo" ("Bessarabian Agriculture"), the publication of Agronomic Section of the Bessarabian Naturalists' Society and the Chișinău Department of the Imperial Russian Society for Horticulture. The magazine was published from 1908 to 1917.
In the collection of MNHM there are 28 issues of this magazine (in all there were 240 issues). The years of publication: 1909, 1910, 1912 and 1916. They are the main source of research on the topic.
The aim of this work is to determine the themes of agricultural advertisements and their contribution to the im- provement of agricultural management in Tsarist Bessarabia.
All issues of the journal had the ads section. Regular customers of the journal were both local and foreign manufac- turers. Among the local: Fruit an Grape Nurseries "EKO" (Soroca); Bucovăț Fruit and Grape Nurseries; Baron A. Stuart's Fruit Nursery (Chișinău); Cocorozeni Agricultural School; E.P. Melega-Kuzminskaia's estate of Temeleuți and F.F. Köppen's estate of Voinovo-Ikel; Horticulture, Viticulture and Winemaking Bureau and Storage of Agricultural Machinery of N.G. Kavsan (Chișinău), etc. The ads offered planting material tested in local climate: fruit trees, local and foreign varieties of grape vine grafted onto American rootstocks, seed crops, as well as purebred cattle. Among the proposals there were met agricultural tools and machines made by known foreign firms.
II. Ad unit of the Bucovăț Fruit and Grape Nurseries (БСХ, almost in all the issues).
III. Advertising of the Fruit an Grape Nurseries «EKO» (БСХ, №18, 1910).
IV. Advertisement of Baron A. Stuart's Fruit Nursery (БСХ, №13, 1909).
V. Advertising of E.P. Melega-Kuzminskaia's seed farms (БСХ, №5, 1910).
VI. Ad unit of F.F. Köppen's estate of Voinova-Ichel (БСХ, №1, 1909).
VII. Advertising of the Cocorozeni Agricultural School (БСХ, №3, 1909).
VIII. Advertisement of the Ialoveni Agricultural Society (БСХ, №5, 1909).
IX. Advertising of wines of V.V. Yanovsky (Бессарабский юбилейный сельскохозяйственный календарь, 1912).
X. Advertising of the "nests" from "The Yanovka Farm" (БСХ, №17, 1910).
XI. Ad unit of the Horticulture, Viticulture and Winemaking Bureau and Storage of Agricultural Machinery of N.G. Kavsan (Chișinău) (БСХ, №11, 1910).
XII. Ad unit of the Dayber Brothers' Nursery Garden, Odessa (БСХ, №24, 1910).
XIII. Advertisement of S.R. Rothe's Nursery Garden, Odessa (БСХ, №18, 1910).
XIV. Advertising of L.P. Simirenko's Fruit Nursery, Horodysche, the Kiev Governorate (БСХ, №17, 1910).
XV. Advertising of the French grape nursery "Paul Gros Royan", the General Representative in Russia - Trading house "Jacob Haslavsky", Odessa (БСХ, №23, 1910).
XVI. Ad unit of the winnowing and grain cleaning machines marketed by Alfred Grodzky, Warsaw (БСХ, №17, 1910)
XVII. Advertising of scythes and sickles by "J. Mintzer and Kº", Austria (БСХ, №23, 1910).
XVIII. Advertising of Alfred Grodzky's sowing machines "Superior", Warsaw (БСХ, №17, 1910).
XIX. Ad unit of Wloclawek Wire Works, the Warsaw Governorate (БСХ, №6, 1910).
Vera Serjant
The collection of Professor Gheorghe Rașcu from the holdings of the National Museum of History of Moldova as an important source on the history of education in interwar Bessarabia
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. XVII [XXXII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Vera Serjant
The exhibition "Advertisements in Bessarabia"
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. X [XXV], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Vera Serjant
Soil scientist Nikolai Dimo collection in the National Museum of History of Moldova
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. XVI [XXXI], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Vera Serjant
Medals from the collections of the National Museum of History of Moldova, dedicated to the event of the Great Union
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. XII [XXVII], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Vera Serjant
Advertisements of trading houses and shops in the Bessarabian press (the late 19th - early 20th centuries)
Tyragetia, serie nouă, vol. V [XX], nr. 2, Istorie. Muzeologie
Manufactured in 1902 by AG vorm Siedel & Nauman in Dresden, Germany. Dimensions: Length - 38 cm, Width - 35 cm, Height - 20 cm. Weight - 16 kg. It entered the museum collection in 1984, transferred from the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History...
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The National Museum of History of Moldova takes place among the most significant museum institutions of the Republic of Moldova, in terms of both its collection and scientific reputation.
The side panels are elegantly decorated with refined cast-iron elements in the Art Nouveau style, displaying the brand name - "Ideal." The Polyglott model, featuring a bilingual keyboard patented in the United Kingdom by Max Klaczko from Riga, Latvia, was produced between 1902 and 1913, marking the first typewriter capable of writing in two languages. The "Ideal Polyglott" typewriter was actively sold in the Russian Empire and gained significant popularity in Poland, Bulgaria, and Serbia.
31 August 1989 St., 121 A, MD 2012, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
